Top-down segregated policies undermine the maintenance of traditional wooded landscapes: Evidence from oaks at the European Union’s eastern border

《Top-down segregated policies undermine the maintenance of traditional wooded landscapes: Evidence from oaks at the European Union’s eastern border》

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作者: Andrzej Bobiec;Rafał Podlaski;Bernadetta Ortyl;Mykola Korol;Serhii Havryliuk;Kinga Öllerer;Jolanta M. Ziobro;Kamil Pilch;Vasyl Dychkevych;Tomasz Dudek;Katalin Mázsa;Anna Varga;Per Angelstam

来源: LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING,Vol.189,Issue1,P.247-259

语言: 英文

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作者单位: University of Rzeszów, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, ul. M. Ćwiklinskiej 1a, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland;Department of Nature Protection and Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, ul. Świętokrzyska 15, 25-406 Kielce, Poland;Ukrainian National Forestry University, Forestry and Park Gardening, Hen. Chuprynky 103, 79057 Lviv, Ukraine;Forest Research Institute, Natural Forest Department, 17-230 Białowieża, Poland;MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Alkotmány u. 2–4, 2163 Vácrátót, Hungary;Institute of Biology Bucharest, Romanian Academy, Spl. Independenței 296, 060031 Bucharest, Romania;Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Forest Sciences, School for Forest Management, PO Box 43, SE-739 21 Skinnskatteberg, Sweden;University of Rzeszów, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, ul. M. Ćwiklinskiej 1a, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland;Department of Nature Protection and Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, ul. Świętokrzyska 15, 25-406 Kielce, Poland;Ukrainian National Forestry University, Forestry and Park Gardening, Hen. Chuprynky 103, 79057 Lviv, Ukraine;Forest Research Institute, Natural Forest Department, 17-230 Białowieża, Poland;MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Alkotmány u. 2–4, 2163 Vácrátót, Hungary;Institute of Biology Bucharest, Romanian Academy, Spl. Independenței 296, 060031 Bucharest, Romania;Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Forest Sciences, School for Forest Management, PO Box 43, SE-739 21 Skinnskatteberg, Sweden

摘要: Semi-open oak woods and solitary oaks commonly dominate the wooded fabric (i.e. the ‘oakscape’) of European traditional rural agricultural landscapes based on animal husbandry. However, modern land use systems fail to perpetuate oakscapes, posing a serious threat to biodiversity conservation and the associated diversity of ecosystem services. Reconstructing the dynamics of oakscape remnants can provide valuable insights concerning the maintenance of oakscapes. We used the socio-economic transitions at the European Union’s eastern border as a natural experiment to explore the drivers for successful oak recruitment in 27 selected units representing 4 oakscape categories. Analyses of tree-ring data, historical maps, and orthophotos were used to reconstruct the oakscapes’ establishment trajectories in relation to land use changes in the period 1790–2010. The oaks in cultural semi-open woods and wood-pastures differed substantially from those in closed canopy forests by more stocky shape and faster early age DBH annual increase. We found two distinct recruitment patterns: (1) FAST – recruitment usually completed within 2–3 decades, attributed to an unconstrained succession of abandoned agricultural land, and (2) SLOW – recruitment extending over several or more decades. In Ukraine, frequent illegal grass burning in marginal woods was the most successful mechanism perpetuating oak recruitment. Top-down policy encouraging specialized intensive farming, sustained yield forestry, and conservation efforts concentrated on the preservation of closed canopy forests compromise the future of traditional agro-silvo-pastoral systems. Maintenance of traditional integrated agro-silvo-pastoral management sustaining oakscapes needs to combine local traditional knowledge and landscape stewardship.