Measuring emergency medical service (EMS) accessibility with the effect of city dynamics in a 100-year pluvial flood scenario

《Measuring emergency medical service (EMS) accessibility with the effect of city dynamics in a 100-year pluvial flood scenario》

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作者: Mengya Li;Mei-Po Kwan;Jie Chen;Jun Wang;Jie Yin;Dapeng Yu

来源: CITIES,Vol.117,Issue1,Article 103314

语言: 英文

关键字: EMS accessibility;Uncertain contexts;City dynamics;Pluvial flood;E2SFCA

作者单位: Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;Department of Geography and Resource Management and Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China;Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CB Utrecht, the Netherlands;State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;Centre for Hydrological and Ecosystem Science, Department of Geography, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK;Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;Department of Geography and Resource Management and Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China;Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CB Utrecht, the Netherlands;State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;Centre for Hydrological and Ecosystem Science, Department of Geography, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK

摘要: Emergency medical service (EMS) is important for rescuing victims suffering from life-threatening illnesses or accidents, and is highly time-sensitive by nature. Many uncertain contexts in the urban environment can prolong EMS response time and deteriorate its performance. Using the enhanced two-step floating catchment area (E2SFCA) method, this study measures EMS accessibility with the effect of a regular uncertain context (i.e., the city dynamics like time-varying population and traffic) and an irregular uncertain context (i.e., an extreme pluvial flood event which can cause extensive road closures). The results indicate that, in the central urban area of Shanghai, mid-west areas with denser populations have higher accessibility than eastern peripheral areas. Flooding can cause a remarkable decline of accessibility which falls to the lowest point slightly earlier than the time when the worst road connectivity emerges. The night time exhibits better accessibility than especially the peak hours during the daytime. The GWR results reveal that increasing facility richness and road density while decreasing flood-induced road closures have a positive effect on EMS accessibility. The study indicates that both regular and irregular uncertain contextual factors can influence EMS accessibility in a highly complex manner. Carefully taking these uncertainties into account would enable EMS planning in other contexts and regions to face the enormous challenges posed by the changing climate and increasingly complex urban environment.