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作者

来源

JOURNAL OF HOUSING AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT,Vol.32,Issue2,P.231-252

语言

英文

关键字

Carbon emissions; Income and housing wealth inequalities; Emission inequality; Household consumption; China sustainability; GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; CO2 EMISSIONS; CONSUMER-BEHAVIOR; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LIFE-STYLE; ENERGY USE; CONSUMPTION; POLLUTION; IMPACTS

作者单位

[Yang, Zan; Wu, Shuping; Cheung, Hiu Ying] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Construct Management, Tsinghua Hang Lung Ctr Real Estate Studies, Beijing, Peoples R China. Yang, Z (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Dept Construct Management, Tsinghua Hang Lung Ctr Real Estate Studies, Beijing, Peoples R China. E-Mail: zanyang@tsinghua.edu.cn

摘要

The emerging notion of emissions inequality expands the idea of sustainability by incorporating economic opportunity as well as social needs and rights into environmental costs and benefits. In China, increasing inequality among urban households in terms of both income and housing wealth establishes a pattern of social stratification. An understanding of the association of social and environmental inequality is thus critical for urban sustainability. Based on the Chinese urban household survey from 2002 to 2009, this article employs the lifestyle approach to calculate and analyse the inequality of households by direct and indirect carbon emissions. The correlations among carbon emission inequality with income and housing wealth inequality are estimated with a Heckman procedure. We find that not only income distribution but also housing wealth distributionis an important consideration in understanding environmental inequality in China.