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作者

来源

LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING,Vol.167,P.348-355

语言

英文

关键字

Bioindicator; Hygrophilous life-forms; Index of atmospheric purity; Land use; Nitrogen pollution; Urban heat island; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; AIR-POLLUTION; FRAGMENTED FORESTS; LONG-TERM; MOSSES; DIVERSITY; DELTA-N-15; SCALE; CONSERVATION; BIODIVERSITY

作者单位

[Oishi, Yoshitaka] Fukui Prefectural Univ, Ctr Arts & Sci, 4-1-1 Kenjojima, Eiheiji, Fukui 9101195, Japan. [Hiura, Tsutom] Hokkaido Univ, Field Sci Ctr Northern Biosphere, Tomakomai Res Stn, Tomakomai, Hokkaido 0530035, Japan. Oishi, Y (reprint author), Fukui Prefectural Univ, Ctr Arts & Sci, 4-1-1 Kenjojima, Eiheiji, Fukui 9101195, Japan. E-Mail: oishiy@fpu.ac.jp; hiura@fsc.hokudai.ac.jp

摘要

Bryophytes have been used as indicators to evaluate atmospheric conditions in urban areas. However, further research is needed for their effective application. In this study, we focused on four metrics related to atmospheric problems in urban areas (nitrogen concentration [%N], isotope ratio of nitrogen [delta N-15], index of atmospheric purity [IAP], and richness of hygrophilic life-forms [RHL]). Then, using linear and generalized linear models, we examined the influence of land use on these four metrics in urban atmospheric environments, and evaluated the usefulness and limitation of them. The % N and delta N-15 models were well explained by the influence of nitrogen sources and/or sinks. The RHL models were significantly affected by urban and forest areas, reflecting urban heat islands. Surprisingly, TAP was higher in urban areas, but comparisons of TAP are not informative in areas with narrow pollution gradients. Land use strongly affected %N and delta N-15 models in smaller areas because of a point-source influence of nitrogen pollution, whereas RHL was strongly influenced by land use at larger scales owing to drought stress in urban settings. Correlations among the metrics revealed that severe drought stress tended to occur in areas with high nitrogen pollution. The nitrogen pollution sources were diverse, with no significant correlation of delta N-15 values with % N.