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作者

来源

JOURNAL OF URBAN PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT,Vol.143,Issue040170053

语言

英文

关键字

Urban heat islands; Contingent valuation method; Vienna; WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; CHOICE; PARK

作者单位

[Morawetz, Ulrich B.] Univ Nat Resources & Life Sci, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. [Koemle, Dieter B. A.] Georg August Univ Gottingen, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany. Morawetz, UB (reprint author), Univ Nat Resources & Life Sci, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. E-Mail: ulrich.morawetz@boku.ac.at; dkoemle@gwdg.de

摘要

Cities increasingly face the necessity to choose among possible policy measures to counter urban heat and then to justify them. The contingent valuation method (CVM) is a frequently applied approach to estimate the monetary value of environmental policy measures. The authors scrutinized the appropriateness of the CVM to estimate the value of trees and drinking fountains as measures against urban heat in Vienna, Austria. First, to elicit meaningful per-unit estimates, the respondents' willingness to pay depending on the scenario's number of units was tested. It was found that the number of trees does not influence the average willingness to pay. Second, in the case of many possible policy measures, negative valuations are possible. The authors estimated a negative mean willingness to pay for fountains when allowing for negative values. These two findings render the CVM results questionable for policy recommendations. The authors believe that these limitations are typical of the CVM and refer to alternative methods to monetarily value measures against urban heat. (C) 2017 American Society of Civil Engineers.