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作者

来源

LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING,Vol.170,P.169-176

语言

英文

关键字

DEM; Land change; Landscape aesthetics; Multi-scale; Top-of canopy; Visual quality; AMENITY MIGRATION; POINT DENSITY; LANDSCAPE; NATURALNESS; PREFERENCE; GIS; PHOTOGRAPHS; COMPLEXITY; INDICATORS; DRIVERS

作者单位

[Vukomanovic, Jelena] NC State Univ, Ctr Geospatial Analyt, Dept Pk Recreat & Tourism Management, Raleigh, NC USA. [Singh, Kunwar K.] NC State Univ, Ctr Geospatial Analyt, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC USA. [Petrasova, Anna] NC State Univ, Ctr Geospatial Analyt, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC USA. [Vogler, John B.] NC State Univ, Ctr Geospatial Analyt, Raleigh, NC USA. Vukomanovic, J (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Campus Box 8004,2800 Faucette Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. E-Mail: jvukoma@ncsu.edu

摘要

Viewscapes are the visible portions of a landscape that create a visual connection between a human observer and their -dimensional surroundings. However, most large area line-of-sight studies have modeled viewscapes using bare-earth digital elevation models, which exclude the 3-D elements of built and natural environments needed to comprehensively understand the scale, complexity and naturalness of an area. In this study, we compared viewscapes derived from LiDAR bare earth (BE) and top-of-canopy (ToC) surface models for 1000 exurban homes in a region of the Rocky Mountains, USA that is experiencing rapid low-density growth. We examined the extent to which the vertical structure of trees and neighboring houses in ToC models not accounted for in BE models affect the size and quality of each home's viewscape. ToC models consistently produced significantly smaller viewscapes compared to BE models across five resolutions of LiDAR-derived models (1, 5, 10, 15, and 30m). As resolution increased, both ToC and BE models produced increasingly larger, exaggerated viewscapes. Due to their exaggerated size, BE models overestimated the greenness and diversity of vegetation types in viewscapes and underestimated ruggedness of surrounding terrain compared to more realistic ToC models. Finally, ToC models also resulted in more private viewscapes, with exurban residents seeing almost three times fewer neighbors compared to BE models. These findings demonstrate that viewscape studies should consider both vertical and horizontal dimensions of built and natural environments in landscape and urban planning applications.