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作者

来源

LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING,Vol.179,P.72-80

语言

英文

关键字

Connectedness to nature; Exposure to nature; Human-nature interactions; Nature orientation; Nature relatedness scale; Rural-urban gradient; URBAN GREEN-SPACE; SELF-RATED HEALTH; BENEFITS; BIODIVERSITY; COMMUNITY; INDIVIDUALS; EXPERIENCE; BEHAVIOR; TREES;

作者单位

[Cox, Daniel T. C.; Hudson, Hannah L.; Gaston, Kevin J.] Univ Exeter, Environm & Sustainabil Inst, Penryn TR10 9EZ, Cornwall, England. [Cox, Daniel T. C.] Univ Exeter, Med Sch, European Ctr Environm & Human Hlth, Truro TR1 3HD, Cornwall, England. [Shanahan, Danielle F.; Fuller, Richard A.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Shanahan, Danielle F.] Zealandia, 31 Waiapu Rd, Wellington 6012, New Zealand. Cox, DTC (reprint author), Univ Exeter, Environm & Sustainabil Inst, Penryn TR10 9EZ, Cornwall, England. E-Mail: d.t.c.cox@exeter.ac.uk; danielle.shanahan@visitzealandia.com; h.hudson@exeter.ac.uk; r.fuller@uq.edu.au; k.j.gaston@exeter.ac.uk

摘要

The last 100 years have seen a huge change in the global structure of the human population, with the majority of people now living in urban rather than rural environments. An assumed consequence is that people will have fewer experiences of nature, and this could have important consequences given the myriad health benefits that they can gain from such experiences. Alternatively, as experiences of nature become rarer, people might be more likely actively to seek them out, mitigating the negative effects of urbanisation. In this study, we used data for 3000 survey respondents from across the UK, and a nature-dose framework, to determine whether (a) increasing urbanisation is associated with a decrease in the frequency, duration and intensity of nature dose; and (b) differences in nature exposure associated with urbanisation impact on four population health outcomes (depression, self-reported health, social cohesion and physical activity). We found negative exponential relationships between nature dose and the degree of urbanisation. The frequency and duration of dose decreased from rural to suburban environments, followed by little change with further increases in urbanisation. There were weak but positive associations between frequency and duration of dose across all four health domains, while different dimensions of dose showed more positive associations with specific health domains in towns and cities. We show that people in urban areas with a low nature dose tend to have worse health across multiple domains, but have the potential for the greatest gains from spending longer in nature, or living in green areas.