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作者

来源

CITIES,Vol.83,P.44-53

语言

英文

关键字

Architecture; Geddes; Landscape architecture; Planning; Ruskin; Urban ecology; URBAN STORMWATER MANAGEMENT; HUMAN-POPULATION DENSITY; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; GREEN; CONSERVATION; PEOPLE; IMPACT; CITIES; BIRD; URBANIZATION

作者单位

[Parris, Kirsten M.; Threlfall, Caragh G.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Ecosyst & Forest Sci, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. [Amati, Marco; Bekessy, Sarah A.] RMIT Univ, Sch Global Urban & Social Studios, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. [Dagenais, Danielle] Univ Montreal, Fac Environm Design, Sch Urban Planning & Landscape Architecture, POB 6128, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Fryd, Ole] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management, Rolighedsvej 23, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. [Hahs, Amy K.; Tingley, Reid; van der Ree, Rodney] Univ Melbourne, Sch BioSci, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. [Hahs, Amy K.] Urban Ecol Act, 15 Dawson St South, Ballarat, Vic 3350, Australia. [Hes, Dominique] Univ Melbourne, Fac Architecture Bldg & Planning, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. [Imberger, Samantha J.; Livesley, Stephen J.; Marshall, Adrian J.; Walsh, Christopher J.; Williams, Nicholas S. G.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Ecosyst & Forest Sci, 500 Yarra Blvd, Richmond, Vic 3121, Australia. [Rhodes, Jonathan R.] Univ Queensland, Sch Geog Planning & Environm Management, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [van der Ree, Rodney] Ecol & Infrastruct Int, Wantirna, Vic 3152, Australia. [Wilkerson, Marit L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Wilkerson, Marit L.] US Agcy Int Dev, 1300 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20004 USA. Parris, KM (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Ecosyst & Forest Sci, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. E-Mail: k.parris@unimelb.edu.au; marco.amati@rmit.edu.au; sarah.bekessy@rmit.edu.au; danlelle.dagenais@umontreal.ca; of@ign.ku.dk; hahsa@unimelb.edu.au; dhes@unimelb.edu.au; samantha.imberger@unimelb.edu.au; sjlive@unimelb.edu.au; ajm@unimelb.edu.au; j.rhodes@uq.edu.au; caragh.threlfall@unimelb.edu.au; reid.tingley@unimelb.edu.au; rvdr@unimelb.edu.au; cwalsh@unimelb.edu.au; mlwilkerson@ucdavis.edu; nsw@unimelb.edu.au

摘要

Cities tend to be built in areas of high biodiversity, and the accelerating pace of urbanization threatens the persistence of many species and ecological communities globally. However, urban environments also offer unique prospects for biological conservation, with multiple benefits for humans and other species. We present seven ecological principles to conserve and increase the biodiversity of cities, using metaphors to bridge the gap between the languages of built-environment and conservation professionals. We draw upon John Ruskin's famous essay on the seven lamps of architecture, but more generally on the thinking of built-environment pioneers such as Patrick Geddes (1854-1932) who proposed a synoptic view of the urban environment that included humans and non-humans alike. To explain each principle or 'lamp' of urban biodiversity, we use an understanding from the built-environment disciplines as a base and demonstrate through metaphor that planning for the more-than-human does not require a conceptual leap. We conclude our discussion with ten practical strategies for turning on these lamps in cities. Urban planners, architects, landscape architects, engineers and other built-environmental professionals have a key role to play in a paradigm shift to plan for the more-than-human, because of their direct influence on the evolving urban environment. This essay is intended to increase dialogue between ecologists and members of these professions, and thus increase the biodiversity of cities around the world.