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作者

来源

CITIES,Vol.89,P.186-198

语言

英文

关键字

Parking; Automobile dependence; Planning; Infrastructure; Sustainable growth; Phoenix; CLIMATE-CHANGE; POLICY; REQUIREMENTS; CITIES

作者单位

[Hoehne, Christopher G.; Chester, Mikhail, V; Fraser, Andrew M.] Arizona State Univ, Civil Environm & Sustainable Engn, Tempe, AZ USA. [King, David A.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Geog Sci & Urban Planning, Tempe, AZ USA. Hoehne, CG (reprint author), 660 S Coll Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA. E-Mail: chris.hoehne@asu.edu

摘要

There is little knowledge of how much parking infrastructure exists in cities despite clear evidence that abundant and underpriced parking has economic, environmental, and social consequences. Urban parking requirements are very precise and routinely enforced despite the fact that most cities have little to no knowledge about their own parking supply. To further explore these issues, a parking inventory for metropolitan Phoenix, Arizona, USA is developed by cross-referencing geospatial cadastral and roadway data with minimum parking requirements. Metropolitan Phoenix is chosen because it is relatively young, rapidly growing, highly sprawled, and car dependent. Historical growth of parking is also estimated by linking year of property development to required off-street and nearby on-street parking spaces. As of 2017, we estimate that there were 12.2 million parking spaces in the metropolitan region with 4.04 million inhabitants, 2.86 million registered personal vehicles, and 1.84 million jobs. Growth of parking in metro Phoenix has also been significant; since 1960, 10.9 million spaces have been added to the region compared to a population growth of 3.41 million, vehicle fleet growth of 2.63 million, and employment growth of 1.56 million jobs. Since the 2008 recession, parking growth in metro Phoenix has significantly slowed, but continued urban growth combined with substantial minimum parking requirements may promote more parking infrastructure than is needed. Planners and policy makers should value quantifying the growth and supply of parking in urban areas and consider reforming parking standards to promote sustainable urban growth.