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作者

Camila Carvalho;Vinicius M. Netto

来源

CITIES,Vol.135,Issue1,Article 104152

语言

英文

关键字

作者单位

Graduate Programme in Architecture and Urbanism - Universidade Federal Fluminense, R. Passo da Pátria, 152-470 - São Domingos, Niterói, RJ 24210-240, Brazil;Department of Geography - University College Dublin, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland;Research Centre for Territory, Transports and Environment (CITTA), University of Porto, Building G, 4th floor, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n 4200-465, Porto, Portugal;Graduate Programme in Architecture and Urbanism - Universidade Federal Fluminense, R. Passo da Pátria, 152-470 - São Domingos, Niterói, RJ 24210-240, Brazil;Department of Geography - University College Dublin, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland;Research Centre for Territory, Transports and Environment (CITTA), University of Porto, Building G, 4th floor, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n 4200-465, Porto, Portugal;Internet Interdisciplinary Institute, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Rambla del Poblenou 158, 08018 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain;School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China;State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China;Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway;School of Interdisciplinary Studies, Conestoga College, Kitchener, 299 Doon Valley Drive, Room 2A131, Kitchener, Ontario N2G 4M4, Canada;Centre for Environment and Sustainability, University of Surrey, Thomas Telford Building, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK;School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;Institute of Remote Sensing and Earth Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China;College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China

摘要

More than one billion people live in slums and informal settlements worldwide. This urban condition poses an urgent need to look more closely into the spatial complexities of these areas. Informal settlements are still commonly seen as segregated places of poverty. Due to the usual scales of analyses, the social and spatial complexity of informal settlements may be easily overlooked. Although previous qualitative studies have suggested that poor areas are internally differentiated, there is little systematic study to date identifying patterns of segregation within poor areas through rigorous analysis. This paper explores a spatial statistical method to challenge the common-sense notion of informal settlements as socially homogeneous places. We do so by analysing segregation within areas that are themselves already segregated — a multiscalar property that may pervade smaller, seemingly homogeneous areas. We apply Moran's index to analyse residential segregation based on income within 42 largest informal settlements and nine Brazilian cities. Our results show that 37 % of the informal settlements analysed are composed of a complex residential mix featuring internal inequality patterns akin to those found in cities. Our approach also identifies racial inequalities and uneven access to urban infrastructures within favelas.