Examining commuting disparities across different types of new towns and different income groups: Evidence from Beijing, China

《Examining commuting disparities across different types of new towns and different income groups: Evidence from Beijing, China》

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作者: Shengxiao (Alex) Li;Pengjun Zhao

来源: HABITAT INTERNATIONAL,Vol.124,P.102558

语言: 英文

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作者单位: College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China;Weitzman School of Design, University of Pennsylvania, USA;School of Urban Planning and Design of Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China;College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China;Weitzman School of Design, University of Pennsylvania, USA;School of Urban Planning and Design of Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China;Department of Urban Design and Studies, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea;School of Management, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China;Department of Urban Studies, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK;Department of Building and Real Estate, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong;School of Spatial Planning and Design, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China;School of Public Administration, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China;Nottingham University Business School, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China;Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture, Graduate School, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea;Dept. of Landscape Architecture and Rural Systems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea;School of Applied Economics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China;Business School, Shenzhen Technology University, China;Federation Business School, Federation University, Australia

摘要: Despite massive new town development in megacities in China, none of the prior studies examined commuting disparities of residents of different income groups living in various types of new towns. Based on established literature on urban structure and commuting and income disparities in commuting, this paper has examined the roles of income and new town types in commuting distance, mode, and time differences. Based on Beijing's new town development context, we categorize its six major new towns into residential, national park-driven industrial, market-based industrial, and satellite new towns. Using descriptive analysis and regressions on 595 new town residents, we find that high-income commuters tend to have longer commuting distances and times and are more likely to drive to workplaces. Those living in the residential new town tend to have longer commuting distances and times. Results also show the transportation resource differences in different types of new towns. Those living in the residential new town are more likely to commute by public transit. Results also show the transportation difficulties for low-income residents who live in satellite towns. Though high-income commuters living in those towns have significantly longer commuting distances, they do not necessarily have longer commuting times than low-income people living in these towns. This study has several implications for future research and policy implications for new town development in China and other transit-dependent cities in Asia and Global South.