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作者

Anja Proske;Sophie Lokatis;Jens Rolff

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URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING,Vol.76,Issue1,Article 127714

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英文

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Original article"}]},{"#name":"title","$":{"id":"tit0005"},"_":"Impact of mowing frequency on arthropod abundance and diversity in urban habitats: A meta-analysis"}],"floats":[],"footnotes":[],"attachments":[]},"vol-first":"76","vol-iss-suppl-text":"Volume 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Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany;Center for Biological Data Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA;Department of Urban Design and Planning, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;Applied Wildlife Ecology Lab, Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA;Department of Biology, Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C4, Canada;Department of Biology, Centre for Urban Environments, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada;Department of Biology and Center for Computational & Integrative Biology, Rutgers University–Camden, Camden, NJ 08103, USA;CEFE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France;Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada;Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada;Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 12587 Berlin, Germany;Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON L5L 1C6, Canada;Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada;Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA;Department of Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;Instituto de Conservación Biodiversidad y Territorio, Centro de Humedales Río Cruces, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, 5090000, Chile;Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA;School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;Louis Calder Center & Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Armonk, NY 10504, USA;Instituto de Estudios Urbanos y Territoriales, Centro de Desarrollo Sustentable CEDEUS, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, El Comendador 1916, Providencia, 7500000, Santiago, Chile;Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37917, USA;Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland;Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology & Center of Biological Risk, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA;Department of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada;Review"}]},{"#name":"title","$":{"id":"ti0005"},"_":"A global horizon scan for urban evolutionary ecology"}],"floats":[],"footnotes":[],"attachments":[]},"openArchive":false,"openAccess":false,"document-subtype":"rev","content-family":"serial","contentType":"JL","abstract":{"$$":[{"$$":[{"$$":[{"$":{"view":"all","id":"sp0045"},"#name":"simple-para","_":"Research on the evolutionary ecology of urban areas reveals how human-induced evolutionary changes affect biodiversity and essential ecosystem services. In a rapidly urbanizing world imposing many selective pressures, a time-sensitive goal is to identify the emergent issues and research priorities that affect the ecology and evolution of species within cities. Here, we report the results of a horizon scan of research questions in urban evolutionary ecology submitted by 100 interdisciplinary scholars. We identified 30 top questions organized into six themes that highlight priorities for future research. These research questions will require methodological advances and interdisciplinary collaborations, with continued revision as the field of urban evolutionary ecology expands with the rapid growth of cities."}],"$":{"view":"all","id":"as0005"},"#name":"abstract-sec"}],"$":{"view":"all","id":"ab0005","lang":"en","class":"author"},"#name":"abstract"},{"$$":[{"$":{"id":"st0005"},"#name":"section-title","_":"Highlights"},{"$$":[{"$$":[{"$$":[{"$$":[{"$":{"view":"all","id":"p0025"},"#name":"para","_":"The impact of urbanization on biodiversity has been well documented, yet research into the complex dynamics of ecological and evolutionary processes in urban areas is still in its infancy."}],"$":{"id":"li0005"},"#name":"list-item"},{"$$":[{"$":{"view":"all","id":"p0030"},"#name":"para","_":"When novel research challenges emerge, a horizon scan exercise is an integrated approach that brings together global interdisciplinary-minded individuals to identify future research questions that can influence new collaborations and funding agenda."}],"$":{"id":"li0010"},"#name":"list-item"},{"$$":[{"$":{"view":"all","id":"p0035"},"#name":"para","_":"Our horizon scan identified 30 questions for future research in urban evolutionary ecology covering themes in fundamental ecological and evolutionary processes, temporal and spatial scales, sustainability, climate change, sociopolitical and ethical considerations, and innovation in technology."}],"$":{"id":"li0015"},"#name":"list-item"}],"$":{"id":"l0005"},"#name":"list"}],"$":{"view":"all","id":"sp0050"},"#name":"simple-para"}],"$":{"view":"all","id":"as0010"},"#name":"abstract-sec"}],"$":{"view":"all","id":"ab0010","lang":"en","class":"author-highlights"},"#name":"abstract"}],"$":{"xmlns:ce":true,"xmlns:dm":true,"xmlns:sb":true},"#name":"abstracts"},"pdf":{"urlType":"download","url":"/science/article/pii/S0169534722001902/pdfft?md5=091e67692d3ce1312525113ae8c48ebf&pid=1-s2.0-S0169534722001902-main.pdf"},"iss-first":"11","vol-first":"37","isThirdParty":false,"issn-primary-unformatted":"01695347","issn-primary-formatted":"0169-5347"},{"pii":"S1439179122000482","journalTitle":"Basic and Applied Ecology","publicationYear":"2022","publicationDate":"2022-09-01","volumeSupText":"Volume 63","articleNumber":"","pageRange":"115-124","trace-token":"AAAAQL38WiyCJeSn3MhPRsMytRcav34RPqclDCICmXQsR6UxJTZuOj5GVvM7j1zi0lV27NZ3XYD45aI7FP_-hSn9CDl8sV0y8JRiRzXNkLCzDvgKwFi-Tg","authors":{"content":[{"#name":"author-group","$":{"id":"aut0001"},"$$":[{"#name":"author","$":{"id":"au0001","author-id":"S1439179122000482-205182da48175fb29a61b10e9fd386b1","orcid":"0000-0002-9024-2315"},"$$":[{"#name":"given-name","_":"Sasha;CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Vairão 4485-661, Portugal;CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Campus de Vairão, Lisboa 1349-017, Portugal;BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal;Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7044, Uppsala SE-750 07, Sweden;Centre for Functional Ecology, TERRA Associate Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martin de Freitas, Coimbra 3000-456, Portugal;REVIEW ARTICLE"}]},{"#name":"title","$":{"id":"tte0002"},"_":"A meta-analysis of biocontrol potential and herbivore pressure in olive crops: Does integrated pest management make a difference?"}],"floats":[],"footnotes":[],"attachments":[]},"openArchive":false,"openAccess":true,"document-subtype":"rev","content-family":"serial","contentType":"JL","abstract":{"$$":[{"$$":[{"$":{"id":"cesectitle0001"},"#name":"section-title","_":"Abstract"},{"$$":[{"$":{"view":"all","id":"spara004"},"#name":"simple-para","_":"Agricultural policies in the European Union (EU) are increasingly promoting organic management and integrated pest management (IPM) as environmentally friendly alternatives to high-input conventional management. While there is consensus that organic management is largely beneficial for biodiversity, including the natural enemies of crop pests, IPM has been much less scrutinized. We conducted a meta-analysis based on 294 observations extracted from 18 studies to compare the effects of conventional, IPM and organic management on biocontrol potential and herbivore pressure in olive, an important cash crop in the EU. Information about the management practices used was also compiled to assess differences in intensity between the three management strategies. Results suggest that IPM is predominantly based on intensive practices, employing chemical control rather than preventive measures as a first resort. Biocontrol potential and herbivore pressure were similar in conventional management and IPM. Moreover, biocontrol potential was higher in organic crops than in crops under IPM, especially when considering canopy-dwelling natural enemies. Although organic management enhanced biocontrol potential, it also benefitted some olive pests, and in both cases effects were more pronounced at warmer temperatures. Our results suggest that, in its current form, IPM might not significantly affect biocontrol potential or herbivore pressure when compared with conventional olive crop management. A shift to a more comprehensive implementation of IPM practices is thus needed, involving the use of proactive measures to promote natural enemies and regulate olive pests before resorting to chemical control. Moreover, greater use of non-chemical inputs might be required for effective regulation of olive pests in organic olive crops."}],"$":{"view":"all","id":"abss0001"},"#name":"abstract-sec"}],"$":{"view":"all","id":"abs0001","class":"author"},"#name":"abstract"}],"$":{"xmlns:ce":true,"xmlns:dm":true,"xmlns:sb":true},"#name":"abstracts"},"pdf":{"urlType":"download","url":"/science/article/pii/S1439179122000482/pdfft?md5=33b07b0a7242aa914ea44d7dd69f1c3e&pid=1-s2.0-S1439179122000482-main.pdf"},"iss-first":"","vol-first":"63","isThirdParty":false,"issn-primary-unformatted":"14391791","issn-primary-formatted":"1439-1791"},{"pii":"S0048969722047106","journalTitle":"Science of The Total Environment","publicationYear":"2022","publicationDate":"2022-11-15","volumeSupText":"Volume 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University of Aberdeen, 23 St Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK;Thünen Institute of Farm Economics, Bundesallee 63, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany;School of Geography, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;Climate & Energy College, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;Energy, Climate and Environment (ECE) Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria;Climate Resource, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia;Article"}]},{"#name":"title","$":{"id":"title0010"},"_":"Carbon removals from nature restoration are no substitute for steep emission reductions"}],"floats":[],"footnotes":[],"attachments":[]},"openArchive":false,"openAccess":true,"document-subtype":"fla","content-family":"serial","contentType":"JL","abstract":{"$$":[{"$$":[{"$$":[{"#name":"attachment-eid","_":"1-s2.0-S2590332222003232-fx1.jpg;Agroecology Lab, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels B-1050, Belgium;Laboratory of Zoology, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium;Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, University of Leuven, Leuven B-3001, Belgium;School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6EU, United Kingdom;Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Spain;Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium;Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium;Original Articles"}]},{"#name":"title","$":{"id":"tm005"},"_":"Ecological, environmental, and management data indicate apple production is driven by wild bee diversity and management practices"}],"floats":[],"footnotes":[],"attachments":[]},"openArchive":false,"openAccess":true,"document-subtype":"fla","content-family":"serial","contentType":"JL","abstract":{"$$":[{"$$":[{"$":{"id":"st005"},"#name":"section-title","_":"Highlights"},{"$$":[{"$$":[{"$$":[{"$$":[{"#name":"label","_":"•"},{"$":{"view":"all","id":"p0005"},"#name":"para","_":"Wild bees provide sustainable pollination services."}],"$":{"id":"o0005"},"#name":"list-item"},{"$$":[{"#name":"label","_":"•"},{"$":{"view":"all","id":"p0010"},"#name":"para","_":"Wild bee diversity is positively related to apple seed set."}],"$":{"id":"o0010"},"#name":"list-item"},{"$$":[{"#name":"label","_":"•"},{"$":{"view":"all","id":"p0015"},"#name":"para","_":"Apple yields are mainly driven by management practices."}],"$":{"id":"o0015"},"#name":"list-item"},{"$$":[{"#name":"label","_":"•"},{"$":{"view":"all","id":"p0020"},"#name":"para","_":"A heavy use of honey bees is detrimental to the surrounding pollinator diversity."}],"$":{"id":"o0020"},"#name":"list-item"}],"$":{"id":"l0005"},"#name":"list"}],"$":{"view":"all","id":"sp0005"},"#name":"simple-para"}],"$":{"view":"all","id":"as005"},"#name":"abstract-sec"}],"$":{"view":"all","id":"ab005","lang":"en","class":"author-highlights"},"#name":"abstract"},{"$$":[{"$":{"id":"st010"},"#name":"section-title","_":"Abstract"},{"$$":[{"$":{"view":"all","id":"sp0010"},"#name":"simple-para","_":"Climate, landscape composition, management practice, and wild bee pollination are all variables thought to play significant roles in commercial apple production. However, how these variables affect production efficiency under field-realistic conditions has not been investigated at large geographical scales. We combined intensive standardized field surveys (using netting and pan traps) with structural equation models to explore the relative impact of biotic and abiotic variables on bee diversity, apple yield and fruit quality, and their ability to represent reliable proxies of apple production. Here we show that apple yields are mainly driven by management practice, without evidence for a significantly superior contribution by managed honey bees. Total wild bee diversity, while negatively correlated with honey bee dominance, promoted apple quality by enhancing seed set number. Our study demonstrates that even across a broad geographical range there is potential to harness wild bee diversity as nature-based solution and as a substitute to an exclusive reliance on honey bees in the context of commercial apple production."}],"$":{"view":"all","id":"as010"},"#name":"abstract-sec"}],"$":{"view":"all","id":"ab010","lang":"en","class":"author"},"#name":"abstract"}],"$":{"xmlns:ce":true,"xmlns:dm":true,"xmlns:sb":true},"#name":"abstracts"},"pdf":{"urlType":"download","url":"/science/article/pii/S1470160X2200351X/pdfft?md5=03f05056094bd5757b1aafac292eb376&pid=1-s2.0-S1470160X2200351X-main.pdf"},"iss-first":"","vol-first":"139","isThirdParty":false,"issn-primary-unformatted":"1470160X","issn-primary-formatted":"1470-160X"},{"pii":"S0301479722004194","journalTitle":"Journal of Environmental Management","publicationYear":"2022","publicationDate":"2022-06-01","volumeSupText":"Volume 311","articleNumber":"114846","pageRange":"114846","trace-token":"AAAAQL38WiyCJeSn3MhPRsMytRe4EnwgmvqaaAGx0um249MhKetBDGOJ3ss4krnIYB_ancx89S0lmcGm35JvtJRkWkW51DSFj7zej8zO989aWwumqHhzmQ","authors":{"content":[{"#name":"author-group","$":{"id":"augrp0010"},"$$":[{"#name":"author","$":{"id":"au1","orcid":"0000-0001-7784-1105","author-id":"S0301479722004194-88a1854410779bd0cf7594a71921f7bf"},"$$":[{"#name":"given-name","_":"Christina;Faunistics and Wildlife Conservation, Department of Agriculture, Ecotrophology, and Landscape Development, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Bernburg, Germany;Evolutionary Zoology, Department of Environment and Biodiversity, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria;Department of Urban Greening and Vegetation Ecology, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Aas, Norway;Centre of Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway;The Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre, Trondheim, Norway;CIBIO-InBIO, University of Porto and University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda Campus, Lisbon, Portugal;Department of Conservation Biology, Doñana Biological Station CSIC, Seville, Spain;Restoration Ecology, Department of Life Science Systems, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany;Department of Landscape and Biodiversity, The Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Trondheim, Norway;Länsstyrelsen Örebro Län, Örebro, Sweden;Swedish Biodiversity Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden

摘要

Urbanization is an important driver of global insect decline. Yet, recent studies have demonstrated the potential of greenspaces in cities to promote biodiversity conservation. One of many factors negatively affecting arthropods in urban areas are unsuitable habitats, as non-woody greenspaces predominantly consist of manicured lawns. Maintenance practices such as high mowing frequencies, can have direct and indirect negative impacts on the local flora and fauna. The present study examines the effects of different mowing regimes on arthropod abundance and diversity by conducting meta-analyses of studies assessing the effect of mowing on arthropod abundance (46 datasets) and taxa richness (23 datasets) in urban environments. Due to a geographical bias in the literature, only data from the temperate, northern hemisphere are analyzed. While our meta-analysis on arthropod abundance showed a medium positive effect (effect size: g = 0.54) of reduced mowing, the cumulative positive effect of reduced mowing on arthropod taxa richness was large (g = 1.25). Grouping the studies not only resulted in lower heterogeneity, but also showed that manicured lawns disproportionately favor the abundance of “pest” species as well as ground-dwelling arthropods. There was also a significantly higher abundance of winged insects on sites with reduced mowing as compared to arthropods without wings. Overall, the findings of the present meta-analysis strongly support the notion that a reduction in mowing frequencies in urban greenspaces benefits insect biodiversity.