Is city-level travel time by car associated with individual obesity or diabetes in Latin American cities? Evidence from 178 cities in the SALURBAL project

《Is city-level travel time by car associated with individual obesity or diabetes in Latin American cities? Evidence from 178 cities in the SALURBAL project》

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作者: Xavier Delclòs-Alió;Daniel A. Rodríguez;Nancy López Olmedo;Carolina Pérez Ferrer;Kari Moore;Dalia Stern;Mariana Carvalho de Menezes;Letícia de Oliveira Cardoso;Xize Wang;Joanna M.N. Guimaraes;J. Jaime Miranda;Olga L. Sarmiento

来源: CITIES,Vol.131,Issue1,Article 103899

语言: 英文

关键字: Car use;Travel time;Congestion;Obesity;Diabetes;Latin America

作者单位: Institute of Urban and Regional Development, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA;Research Group on Territorial Analysis and Tourism Studies (GRATET), Department of Geography, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Spain;Department of City and Regional Planning & Institute for Transportation Studies, University of California, Berkeley, 228 Wurster Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Mexico, Avenida Universidad 655, 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico;CONACyT-Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cerrada de Fray Pedro de Gante 50, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico;Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3600 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;Department of Clinical and Social Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil;Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, National School of Public Health, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;Department of Real Estate, National University of Singapore, 4 Architecture Dr, 117566, Singapore;CRONICAS Centre of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Armendariz 445, 15074 Lima, Peru;School of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia;Institute of Urban and Regional Development, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA;Research Group on Territorial Analysis and Tourism Studies (GRATET), Department of Geography, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Spain;Department of City and Regional Planning & Institute for Transportation Studies, University of California, Berkeley, 228 Wurster Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Mexico, Avenida Universidad 655, 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico;CONACyT-Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cerrada de Fray Pedro de Gante 50, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico;Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3600 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;Department of Clinical and Social Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil;Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, National School of Public Health, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;Department of Real Estate, National University of Singapore, 4 Architecture Dr, 117566, Singapore;CRONICAS Centre of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Armendariz 445, 15074 Lima, Peru;School of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia

摘要: There is growing evidence that longer travel time by private car poses physical and mental risks. Individual-level obesity and diabetes, two of the main public health challenges in low- and middle-income contexts, could be associated to city-level travel times by car. We used individual obesity and diabetes data from national health surveys from individuals in 178 Latin American cities, compiled and harmonized by the SALURBAL project. We calculated city-level travel times by car using the Google Maps Distance Matrix API. We estimated associations between peak hour city-level travel time by car and obesity and diabetes using multilevel logistic regression models, while adjusting for individual characteristics and other city-level covariates. In our study we did not observe a relationship between city-level peak-hour travel time by car and individual obesity and diabetes, as reported in previous research for individual time spent in vehicles in high-income settings. Our results suggest that this relationship may be more complex in Latin America compared to other settings, especially considering that cities in the region are characterized by high degrees of population density and compactness and by a higher prevalence of walking and public transportation use.