Characterizing the provision and inequality of primary school greenspaces in China’s major cities based on multi-sensor remote sensing

《Characterizing the provision and inequality of primary school greenspaces in China’s major cities based on multi-sensor remote sensing》

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作者: Ran Meng;Binyuan Xu;Feng Zhao;Yuntao Dong;Chong (Alex) Wang;Rui Sun;Yu Zhou;Longfei Zhou;Shengsheng Gong;Dawei Zhang

来源: URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING,Vol.75,Issue1,Article 127670

语言: 英文

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作者单位: Macro Agriculture Research Institute, Interdisciplinary Sciences Research Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;Key Laboratory of Geographical Process Analysis & Simulation of Hubei Province/College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China;Guanghua School of Management, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;Institute for China Rural Studies and Institute for China Urban Governance Studies, Faculty of Political Science, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China;Macro Agriculture Research Institute, Interdisciplinary Sciences Research Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;Key Laboratory of Geographical Process Analysis & Simulation of Hubei Province/College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China;Guanghua School of Management, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;Institute for China Rural Studies and Institute for China Urban Governance Studies, Faculty of Political Science, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China;USDA Forest Service/Davey Institute, Davey Tree Expert Company, 5 Moon Library, SUNY-ESF, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA;US Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Water Science Center, 8505 Research Way, Middleton, WI 53562, USA;Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Engineering Hall, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53716, USA;Wayne State University, College of Engineering, 5050 Anthony Wayne Drive, Detroit, MI 48202, USA;US Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Water Science Center, 5840 Enterprise Drive, Lansing, MI 48911, USA;University of Wisconsin – Stevens Point, College of Natural Resources, Room 278 Trainer Natural Resources Building, Stevens Point, WI 54481, USA;Department of Environmental Resources Engineering, SUNY ESF, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA;USDA Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis, 5 Moon Library, SUNY-ESF, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA;University of Hradec Králové, Faculty of Science, Rokitanského 62, CZ-500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic;Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 1176, CZ-165 21, Czech Republic;Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia;Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;Movement and Nutrition for Health and Performance Research Group, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;Short communication"}]},{"#name":"title","$":{"id":"tit0005"},"_":"Adolescents’ perceptions of park characteristics that discourage park visitation"}],"floats":[],"footnotes":[],"attachments":[]},"openArchive":false,"openAccess":false,"document-subtype":"sco","content-family":"serial","contentType":"JL","abstract":{"$$":[{"$$":[{"$":{"id":"sect0005"},"#name":"section-title","_":"Abstract"},{"$$":[{"$":{"view":"all","id":"sp0040"},"#name":"simple-para","_":"Parks are key amenities of liveable cities that support physical activity and social interaction. However, parks are often not well attended by adolescents, and little is known about what park characteristics may discourage adolescents from visiting parks. The aim of this study was to explore what park characteristics adolescents perceive as most likely to discourage park visitation. Adolescents (n = 444, 13–18 years, 53% female) from seven schools in diverse areas of Melbourne, Australia completed an online survey at school. In response to an open-ended question, participants listed three park characteristics that would most likely discourage their park visitation. Content analysis was performed to determine categories of park characteristics from the coded responses. The six most frequently stated park characteristics that would discourage park visitation related to: play equipment (e.g., small/children’s playgrounds, no play equipment, no swings; 44% of participants mentioned the category at least once); social factors (e.g., crowded parks, presence of undesirable people; 32%); natural environment (e.g., small/no grassy space, large grassy open space; 28%); maintenance (e.g., dirty facilities, rubbish; 23%); sport/recreation features (e.g., skate park; 20%); and amenities (e.g., no shade, toilets, drink taps; 19%). To encourage more adolescents to increasingly visit parks, it is imperative for stakeholders to address the park features that they perceive as unappealing to ensure that park design caters to this important age group."}],"$":{"view":"all","id":"abs0010"},"#name":"abstract-sec"}],"$":{"view":"all","id":"ab0010","class":"author"},"#name":"abstract"}],"$":{"xmlns:ce":true,"xmlns:dm":true,"xmlns:sb":true},"#name":"abstracts"},"pdf":{"urlType":"download","url":"/science/article/pii/S1618866722002126/pdfft?md5=f884e81de81ce1765f494bbd7d55b6a2&pid=1-s2.0-S1618866722002126-main.pdf"},"iss-first":"","vol-first":"74","isThirdParty":false,"issn-primary-unformatted":"16188667","issn-primary-formatted":"1618-8667"},{"pii":"S1618866722002114","journalTitle":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","publicationYear":"2022","volumeSupText":"Volume 74","articleNumber":"127668","pageRange":"127668","trace-token":"AAAAQL38WiyCJeSn3MhPRsMytReAEdtr1Ysb8W4s4-gEY23F5GQ8XBmFU5KPmwrXeRLDxsA2pC347-BQ_XtA2gKQ4Hd7wzsIG_hZH3XLy2BxFu4Im2TwrA","authors":{"content":[{"#name":"author-group","$":{"id":"ag0005"},"$$":[{"#name":"author","$":{"id":"au0005","author-id":"S1618866722002114-d3310cd2eb75e1e536e2626df59f1fbb"},"$$":[{"#name":"given-name","_":"Diogo Guedes;UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit (FP-ENAS), University Fernando Pessoa (UFP), Praça 9 de Abril 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal;Center for Functional Ecology - Science for People & the Planet (CFE), TERRA Associate Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal;InBIO-Rede de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva, CIBIO, Campus Agrário de Vairao, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairao, Portugal;Departamento de Geociências, Ambiente e Ordenamento do Território, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;NeuroLandscape Foundation, Suwalska 8/78, 03-252 Warsaw, Poland;Centre for Public Administration and Public Policies (CAPP), Institute of Social and Political Sciences (ISCSP), University of Lisboa, 1300-663 Lisboa, Portugal;Institute of Sociology of the University of Porto (ISUP), Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the University of Porto (FLUP), s / n, 4150-564 Porto, Portugal;Center for Transdisciplinary Research «Culture, Space and Memory» (CITCEM), Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the University of Porto (FLUP), Via Panorâmica Edgar Cardoso s/n, 4150-564 Porto, Portugal;Postgraduate Institute of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka;Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka;Politecnico di Torino, Interuniversity Department of Regional and Urban Studies and Planning (DIST), Viale Mattioli 39, 10125 Torino, Italy;Queensland University of Technology (QUT), QUT Design Lab, Brisbane, Australia;Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Digital Media Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia

摘要: Environmental and green justice problems occur globally, especially in cities with unequal access to urban greenspaces. Recently, inequality in school greenspaces has drawn growing attention, given the importance of campus green environments in young students’ health and academic performance. However, the commonly used Normalized Differences Vegetation Index (NDVI) method for measuring greenspace from satellite imagery is hindered by the saturation issue and tend to underestimate greenspace at high vegetation cover areas, causing large uncertainties in greenspace inequality studies at a national scale. Besides, despite the progress on the inequality of public greenspace exposure, our understandings of primary school greenspace provision and inequality, as well as the driving factors, for young students in a developing world (e.g., China) is still limited. To address these issues, we first adapted a spectral unmixing technique based on multi-sensor remote sensing for more accurate measurements of greenspace provision. Then, we evaluated the provision and inequality of greenspace for 19,681 primary schools in China’s 31 major cities and examined the driving factors using an integrated path analysis. Our findings revealed that: (1) Our proposed multi-sensor remote sensing-based method for greenspace measurement is reliable across our study area with a R2 of 0.81 and RMSE of 0.14; in contrast, the traditional NDVI-based greenspace measurement saturated at the range of 0.7–1.0, leading to much lower accuracy (a R2 of 0.72 and RMSE of 0.24). (2) Most of the cities under study had low to moderate levels of inequality in primary school greenspace (Gini index < 0.5), but the overall greenspace provision was relatively low; Five cities under study facing high inequality in greenspace exposure (Gini index ≥ 0.5) as well as low greenspace provision (mean fraction cover < 0.25). (3) The monthly maximum temperature and the mean cover of greenspace in primary schools were identified as variables directly affecting the inequality in primary school greenspace (R2 = 0.76, p-value < 0.05), whereas the city-level government revenue manifests its effects through the mean cover of greenspace in primary schools and city-level mean greenspace cover. By developing a novel framework for examining the provision and inequality of greenspace in all primary schools in China’s major cities, our study provides valuable insights for designing and evaluating school greening programs in support of healthier learning environment development for next generations.