Woody invaders from contrasted climatic origins distribute differently across the urban-to-rural gradient in oceanic Europe

《Woody invaders from contrasted climatic origins distribute differently across the urban-to-rural gradient in oceanic Europe – Is it trait-related?》

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作者: Charly Géron;Jonas J. Lembrechts;Ivan Nijs;Arnaud Monty

来源: URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING,Vol.75,Issue1,Article 127694

语言: 英文

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作者单位: Biodiversity and Landscape, TERRA Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux 5030, Belgium;Plants and Ecosystems, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk 2610, Belgium;Biodiversity and Landscape, TERRA Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux 5030, Belgium;Plants and Ecosystems, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk 2610, Belgium;State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, China;State Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Environment, China Academy of Building Research, 100013, Beijing, China;State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, School of Architecture, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, China;Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India;Centre for Water Sciences, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India;Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India;Department of Botany at Markham College of Commerce, Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribag, Jharkhand, India;Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India;Centre for Water Sciences, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India;Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India;Department of Botany at Markham College of Commerce, Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribag, Jharkhand, India;Department of Agrobioengineering, University of life Sciences in Lublin, Poland, ul. Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;École Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, France, Avenue de l′Agrobiopole BP 32607, Auzeville-Tolosane, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France;Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, UPR2001, 09200 Moulis, France;Société Herpétologique de France, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CP41, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris;Department of Zoology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio;Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR5174, Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, CNRS, IRD, Toulouse, France;Department of Biology, Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC), Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium;Department of Environment, Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Gontrode, Belgium;Department Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium

摘要: Alien plant species invasion depends on biotic and abiotic conditions that can represent environmental barriers as compared to their native range conditions. Specifically, little is known about how alien plant species distribute along the urban-to-rural gradients based on their native climatic conditions, and how environmental conditions along these gradients could influence intraspecific trait variation. We studied the distribution of eight woody alien plant species from contrasted native range climates along urban-to-rural gradients in European areas with a temperate climate (hereafter termed oceanic Europe). During two consecutive summers and in the Belgian part of oceanic Europe, we then measured their intraspecific trait variation using the nitrogen balance index (NBI), chlorophyll content, flavonols index, specific leaf area (SLA) and internode space. Urban-to-rural gradients were characterized by a system of local climate zones (LCZ), the percentage of artificially sealed surfaces (urbanity) and the sky view factor (SVF). We found that the distribution of studied species in the LCZ classes was highly dependent on the climate of their native range, with species from warm climates occurring more in the most urban areas while the ones from cool climates preferred the more rural or natural areas. However, their intraspecific trait variation was not related to the LCZ class in which they grew, nor to their native climate. Instead, we found a surprisingly consistent effect of shielded environments (low SVF) along the entire urban-to-rural gradient on leaf and development traits. Such environments induced a lower leaf flavonols index and higher NBI and SLA, suggesting a shade response and possibly lower heat and drought stress. Our results show that although woody alien plant species from warmer or cooler native climates distributed differently along the urbanization gradient in oceanic Europe, they did not show contrasted intraspecific trait variation. Nevertheless, our findings highlight that even if the woody alien plant species from cooler native ranges are currently more present in the most natural areas, special attention should be paid to woody alien plant species from warmer native ranges that are yet restricted to the most urban areas and could potentially have severe impacts in the future when the barriers to their spread weaken with climate change.