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作者

Lee A.M. Dixon

来源

URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING,Vol.75,Issue1,Article 127690

语言

英文

关键字

作者单位

Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK;Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK;School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E. Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA;Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, 427 E. Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA;College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 550 N. 3;Division of Conservation Biology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland;Swiss Ornithological Institute, Sempach, Switzerland;Energy and Environment Institute, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston upon Hull HU6 7RX, UK;British Trust for Ornithology, Thoday Building, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK;Department of Geography, Geology and Environment, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston upon Hull HU6 7RX, UK;Butterfly Conservation, Manor Yard, East Lulworth, Wareham, Dorset BH20 5QP, UK;Biological Records Centre, UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK;Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Departamento de Biologia, Av. General Rodrigo Otávio, 3000, Manaus, AM 69077-000, Brazil;Centre for Planetary Health & Food Security and School of Environment & Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia;BirdLife Australia, 60 Leicester Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia;Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná, Entre Ríos, Argentina;Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina;Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria La Consulta, Mendoza, Argentina

摘要

Brownfield sites (e.g., wastelands, disused industrial grounds and power stations) are valuable refuges for urban birds during the breeding season. This owes to the presence of vegetation in different stages of succession, which provide a high diversity of food and breeding resources. However, insufficient research has explored their winter value, when temperatures are lower and food is scarcer. Accordingly, 342 bird and habitat surveys were conducted in brownfield sites, and other land-uses, across Greater Manchester. Bird density estimates were then calculated using Distance software and bird-habitat associations were analysed using Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). Moreover, the impact of brownfield site development on winter bird density from 2000 to 2009 in Greater Manchester was explored using the bird density estimates, and historical image function in Google Earth. In brownfield sites, Pica pica had the highest density estimate (142 per km2), although four species had estimated densities > 100 per km2 (Turdus merula; Cyanistes caeruleus; Passer domesticus; Aegithalos caudatus). The CCA indicated that Aegithalos caudatus, Cyanistes caeruleus, Parus major, Prunella modularis were associated with Fagus sylvatica, Betula pendula, and Buddleja davidii on brownfield sites, which during the winter 1) produce seeds 2) support overwintering insects, providing a valuable food source. Nevertheless, across land-uses, most species favoured green space and pre-2000 housing. Brownfield sites were most replaced between 2000 and 2009, with 17.8 km2, 14.9 km2, and 12 km2 replaced by commercial, industrial, and post-2000 housing respectively. This is likely to have had a negative impact on the winter density of most bird species, owing to 1) the removal of brownfield site vegetation 2) increases in impervious land cover. Future declines in winter bird abundance could be mitigated by retaining brownfield site vegetation and setting aside brownfield sites in close proximity to green space and pre-2000 housing.