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作者

Danielle Mikolajewski;Vince D’Amico;Nancy F. Sonti;Cornelia C. Pinchot;Charles E. Flower;Lara A. Roman;Tara L.E. Trammell

来源

URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING,Vol.74,Issue1,Article 127675

语言

英文

关键字

作者单位

Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA;USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, NRS-08, Newark, DE, USA;USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, NRS-08, Baltimore, MD, USA;USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, NRS-08, Delaware, OH, USA;USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, NRS-08, Philadelphia, PA, USA;Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA;USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, NRS-08, Newark, DE, USA;USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, NRS-08, Baltimore, MD, USA;USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, NRS-08, Delaware, OH, USA;USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, NRS-08, Philadelphia, PA, USA;Department of Systems Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic;Nature Conservation Agency of the Czech Republic, Kaplanova 1931/1, 148 00 Prague 11-Chodov, Czech Republic;Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia;Victoria University, Institute for Health and Sport, Melbourne, Australia;USDA Forest Service/Davey Institute, Davey Tree Expert Company, 5 Moon Library, SUNY-ESF, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA;US Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Water Science Center, 8505 Research Way, Middleton, WI 53562, USA;Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Engineering Hall, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53716, USA;Wayne State University, College of Engineering, 5050 Anthony Wayne Drive, Detroit, MI 48202, USA;US Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Water Science Center, 5840 Enterprise Drive, Lansing, MI 48911, USA;University of Wisconsin – Stevens Point, College of Natural Resources, Room 278 Trainer Natural Resources Building, Stevens Point, WI 54481, USA;Department of Environmental Resources Engineering, SUNY ESF, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA;USDA Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis, 5 Moon Library, SUNY-ESF, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA;Evolution, ecology and organismal biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States;School of the Environment and Natural Resources, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States;USDA-FS, Northern Research Station, Delaware, OH, United States;Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States;Cornell Lab of Ornithology and Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States;University of Minnesota, College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences, 1420 Eckles Ave #190, St. Paul 55108, MN, United States;Department of Forest Engineering, Agrarian and Environmental Sector, Midwestern State University, Irati, Brazil;Forest Science Post-Graduation Program, Agrarian and Environmental Sector, Midwestern State University, Irati, Brazil;Department of Forest Engineering, Veterinary Science Center, Santa Catarina State University, Lages, Brazil

摘要

Native trees provide a range of benefits, from supporting native wildlife to climate regulation, and many urban natural resource managers prioritize native tree planting and restoration. Ulmus americana (American elm) was once widely planted in American cities but has been decimated by Dutch elm disease (DED; Ophiostoma ulmi). Our study evaluated U. americana establishment and growth across urban landscapes. We planted ramets from three DED-tolerant U. americana genotypes (RV16, RV474, and Sunfield) along an urbanization gradient in Newark, DE and Philadelphia, PA, and assessed physiological and morphological responses. We analyzed how U. americana clone growth, chlorophyll fluorescence, and foliar chemistry relate to impervious surface area, ozone (O3) concentrations, and soil characteristics. The one-year post planting mortality rate was low (4%) demonstrating these elms can withstand urban environmental conditions when provided ample water supply and protection from deer. As expected, the elms differed in growth rate, chlorophyll fluorescence, and foliar chemistry between the cities. Elms planted in Philadelphia had greater photosynthetic capacity in July (Fv/Fm = 0.76) and September (Fv/Fm = 0.75), while Newark elms had greater photosynthetic capacity in August (Fv/Fm = 0.78). Depleted foliar δ13C signatures in Philadelphia suggest elms are experiencing greater fossil-fuel derived atmospheric CO2 than in Newark, possibly contributing to the greater growth rates observed in Philadelphia compared to Newark. Enriched foliar δ15N and greater foliar %N in Philadelphia clones suggest they are experiencing greater N deposition from NOx-derived sources compared to Newark clones. Clones growing in Philadelphia had greater foliar nutrient concentrations despite growing in soils with greater heavy metal concentrations. These foliar-soil chemistry patterns suggest that clones growing in Philadelphia respond positively to urban environmental conditions in a large city, whereas clones growing in Newark may be experiencing N limitation in the first year of growth after planting.