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作者

W. Poschenrieder;T. Rötzer;P. Biber;E. Uhl;V. Dervishi;H. Pretzsch

来源

URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING,Vol.74,Issue1,Article 127666

语言

英文

关键字

作者单位

Chair for Forest Growth and Yield Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, Weihenstephan, Freising 85354, Germany;Chair for Forest Growth and Yield Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, Weihenstephan, Freising 85354, Germany;University of Minnesota, College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences, 1420 Eckles Ave #190, St. Paul 55108, MN, United States;Department of Systems Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic;Nature Conservation Agency of the Czech Republic, Kaplanova 1931/1, 148 00 Prague 11-Chodov, Czech Republic;Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia;Victoria University, Institute for Health and Sport, Melbourne, Australia;Department of Geomatics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan;Department of Leisure Industry and Health Promotion, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 112, Taiwan;National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan;Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States;Department of Urban and Rural Development, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden;Center for Ecology and Conservation Sciences CESCO (CNRS, MNHN, SU), National Museum of Natural History, Paris, France;Short communication"}]},{"#name":"title","$":{"id":"tit0005"},"_":"Science fiction blockbuster movies – A problem or a path to urban greenery?"}],"floats":[],"footnotes":[],"attachments":[]},"openArchive":false,"openAccess":true,"document-subtype":"sco","content-family":"serial","contentType":"JL","abstract":{"$$":[{"$$":[{"$":{"id":"sect0005"},"#name":"section-title","_":"Abstract"},{"$$":[{"$":{"view":"all","id":"sp0010"},"#name":"simple-para","_":"Urban greenery in cities is important for human health, for resilient and sustainable cities, and for flora and fauna. The importance of urban greenery is highlighted in numerous global, national and local policies. However, the rapid increase of urban sprawl and densification globally has reduced access, availability and quality of urban greenery. According to the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), cities “do not know how to incorporate nature and nature contribution to people into city planning”. Perhaps this limitation is because urban planners, architects, landscape architects (urban designers) and urban ecologist (nature conservationist) view nature in cities differently. In addition, few studies on cities focus on nature and ecology. In this paper, we highlight the need to develop new designs and nature conservation approaches that promote biodiversity in cities. Science fiction (SF) and science have a history of inspiring each other and inspiring innovative solutions. For example, SF blockbusters have affected people’s engagement in climate change. Here, we evaluate how 44 of the most viewed American SF movies depict nature in cities, including diversity of species and how characters interact with nature. We reveal that these movies tend to ignore nature in their depictions of future cities. If nature is depicted in SF it is very similar to contemporary cities with monoculture lawns and ornamental gardens. Moreover, SF movies do not depict innovative ways of including nature in cityscapes, they illustrate unrealistic settings without basic ecological functions (e.g., pollinators), and their characters do not interact with nature when nature is depicted or only frame the scene as a façade. We suggest that urban designers, urban ecologists, and SF artists collaborate to imagine how to integrate nature and biodiversity into the depictions of future cities, a strategy that could help change norms about urban greenery."}],"$":{"view":"all","id":"abs0010"},"#name":"abstract-sec"}],"$":{"view":"all","id":"ab0010","class":"author"},"#name":"abstract"},{"$$":[{"$":{"id":"sect0010"},"#name":"section-title","_":"Highlights"},{"$$":[{"$$":[{"$$":[{"$$":[{"#name":"label","_":"•"},{"$":{"view":"all","id":"p0005"},"#name":"para","_":"Different world views of urban biodiversity between ecologists and designers."}],"$":{"id":"u0005"},"#name":"list-item"},{"$$":[{"#name":"label","_":"•"},{"$":{"view":"all","id":"p0010"},"#name":"para","_":"Nature in cities reviewed in 44 American Science fiction blockbuster movies."}],"$":{"id":"u0010"},"#name":"list-item"},{"$$":[{"#name":"label","_":"•"},{"$":{"view":"all","id":"p0015"},"#name":"para","_":"New creative ways forward to hinder a continuous loss of urban biodiversity."}],"$":{"id":"u0015"},"#name":"list-item"},{"$$":[{"#name":"label","_":"•"},{"$":{"view":"all","id":"p0020"},"#name":"para","_":"Need of a dialogue between urban designers, urban ecologists, and artists."}],"$":{"id":"u0020"},"#name":"list-item"}],"$":{"id":"li0005"},"#name":"list"}],"$":{"view":"all","id":"sp0015"},"#name":"simple-para"}],"$":{"view":"all","id":"abs0015"},"#name":"abstract-sec"}],"$":{"view":"all","id":"ab0015","class":"author-highlights"},"#name":"abstract"}],"$":{"xmlns:ce":true,"xmlns:dm":true,"xmlns:sb":true},"#name":"abstracts"},"pdf":{"urlType":"download","url":"/science/article/pii/S1618866722002047/pdfft?md5=9af76f7f719e30df42731869a4101239&pid=1-s2.0-S1618866722002047-main.pdf"},"iss-first":"","vol-first":"74","isThirdParty":false,"issn-primary-unformatted":"16188667","issn-primary-formatted":"1618-8667"},{"pii":"S1618866722001625","journalTitle":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","publicationYear":"2022","volumeSupText":"Volume 74","articleNumber":"127619","pageRange":"127619","trace-token":"AAAAQL38WiyCJeSn3MhPRsMytRedq2bTVCB27zaK8pcEXev3RLjf_9WHFnBhYV56Rioj3ppi4KmJUl117_03vMEP-9uptLTCSsvda6ADecTBrLiVSEJWbg","authors":{"content":[{"#name":"author-group","$":{"id":"ag0005"},"$$":[{"#name":"author","$":{"id":"au0005","author-id":"S1618866722001625-57202c588c75ccacf2952903d4d12021"},"$$":[{"#name":"given-name","_":"Meredith F.;Monash Art Design and Architecture, Monash University, Sir John Monash Drive, Caulfield, Victoria 3161, Australia;School of Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia

摘要

Urban tree managers are challenged with sustainable ecosystem service provision in particular when urban tree populations become over mature. Therefore, managers have to quantify both future services and population stability. We exemplify an approach for estimating the tradeoff between cooling, CO2-fixation and crown volume development, and the time until the changing tree population becomes stable. Using a realistic distribution of age classes and functional groups, we evaluate the balance between service provision and stabilization over decades to centuries. Their tradeoff mainly depends on the proportion of functional groups used in the replacement of mortal trees. Moreover, managers may steer tradeoff through an intentional planting postponement and acquisition of additional space.