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作者

Rodrigo Pacheco-Muñoz;Miguel Ángel Aguilar-Gómez;Jorge E. Schondube

来源

URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING,Vol.73,Issue1,Article 127614

语言

英文

关键字

作者单位

Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia 58190, Michoacán, Mexico;Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO), Ciudad de México 14010, México;Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia 58190, Michoacán, Mexico;Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO), Ciudad de México 14010, México;Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;Department of Forest Resources & Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;Planning Department, Union County, Monroe, NC, USA;North Carolina State Extension, USA;Original article"}]},{"#name":"title","$":{"id":"tit0005"},"_":"Support for a new credential in urban forestry: Results from a survey of urban forest professionals"}],"floats":[],"footnotes":[],"attachments":[]},"openArchive":false,"openAccess":false,"document-subtype":"fla","content-family":"serial","contentType":"JL","abstract":{"$$":[{"$$":[{"$":{"id":"sect0005"},"#name":"section-title","_":"Abstract"},{"$$":[{"$":{"view":"all","id":"sp0095"},"#name":"simple-para","_":"Urban forest professionals struggle with public recognition and a clear identity in spite of growing demand for their expertise. No single credential or professional support system defines or unites urban forest professionals, who instead rely on several closely allied professions for professional support. This reliance is thought to contribute to this lack of recognition and indistinct professional identity. Thus we asked urban forest professionals if they believed the urban forestry profession needs its own credential and, if such a credential were available, would they obtain it. An international survey resulted in 749 respondents from 13 countries, with the vast majority from the United States and Canada. On average, respondents believed a credential was needed and would obtain it if offered. Late-career professionals were less likely to say they would obtain such a credential, while there was some evidence that women and early-career respondents are more likely. Some groups, most notably the self-employed, were much less likely to think a credential was needed and even less likely to obtain it were it to be offered. Respondents already hold 2.38 credentials on average, the most commonly held credentials being from the closely allied professions of arboriculture and forestry. Without specifying the format or scope, the survey asked respondents for opinions about a hypothetical urban forestry credential. Respondents raised concerns related to whether a credential could embrace the full scope of urban forestry, whether there was overlap or redundancy among existing credentials, and the cost of obtaining additional credentials. In addition, respondents noted credentials may need to align with diverse regulatory and employment environments. Nonetheless, open-ended responses overwhelmingly noted that urban forestry has emerged as a distinct profession that merits a credential to support a unifying identity and recognize the specialized training required."}],"$":{"view":"all","id":"abs0010"},"#name":"abstract-sec"}],"$":{"view":"all","id":"ab0010","class":"author"},"#name":"abstract"},{"$$":[{"$":{"id":"sect0010"},"#name":"section-title","_":"Highlights"},{"$$":[{"$$":[{"$$":[{"$$":[{"#name":"label","_":"•"},{"$":{"view":"all","id":"p0005"},"#name":"para","_":"We asked urban forest professionals if the profession needs its own credential."}],"$":{"id":"u0005"},"#name":"list-item"},{"$$":[{"#name":"label","_":"•"},{"$":{"view":"all","id":"p0010"},"#name":"para","_":"Respondents consider urban forestry a distinct profession and support a credential."}],"$":{"id":"u0010"},"#name":"list-item"},{"$$":[{"#name":"label","_":"•"},{"$":{"view":"all","id":"p0015"},"#name":"para","_":"A credential could foster professional identity, but concerns exist about format."}],"$":{"id":"u0015"},"#name":"list-item"},{"$$":[{"#name":"label","_":"•"},{"$":{"view":"all","id":"p0020"},"#name":"para","_":"Early-career professionals are likely to obtain a credential if it is offered."}],"$":{"id":"u0020"},"#name":"list-item"},{"$$":[{"#name":"label","_":"•"},{"$":{"view":"all","id":"p0025"},"#name":"para","_":"Respondents hold a wide variety of credentials with 45% holding 3 or more."}],"$":{"id":"u0025"},"#name":"list-item"}],"$":{"id":"li0005"},"#name":"list"}],"$":{"view":"all","id":"sp0100"},"#name":"simple-para"}],"$":{"view":"all","id":"abs0015"},"#name":"abstract-sec"}],"$":{"view":"all","id":"ab0015","class":"author-highlights"},"#name":"abstract"}],"$":{"xmlns:ce":true,"xmlns:dm":true,"xmlns:sb":true},"#name":"abstracts"},"pdf":{"urlType":"download","url":"/science/article/pii/S1618866722001315/pdfft?md5=92f999ef1a03716ccb96bbbe6e799e15&pid=1-s2.0-S1618866722001315-main.pdf"},"iss-first":"","vol-first":"73","isThirdParty":false,"issn-primary-unformatted":"16188667","issn-primary-formatted":"1618-8667"},{"pii":"S1618866722001583","journalTitle":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","publicationYear":"2022","volumeSupText":"Volume 73","articleNumber":"127615","pageRange":"127615","trace-token":"AAAAQGg-Q53MTiazxoVELOJiBAnenDPJvc5te3X4WvIF8T0I_hZBLUrhBskDSsXGc2qxgk3d532POy1ke0mW5olsePCgIJRxX0otQ1bakwSfZ_sdketvIA","authors":{"content":[{"#name":"author-group","$":{"id":"ag0005"},"$$":[{"#name":"author","$":{"id":"au0005","author-id":"S1618866722001583-4efabcb798efa5cc363646f3ebd1251c"},"$$":[{"#name":"given-name","_":"Keyi;Department of Landscape Architecture, School of Architecture, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China;State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China;Guangzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China;Department of Urban Planning, School of Urban Design, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China;School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Richmond, Victoria 3121, Australia;The Morton Arboretum, 4100 Illinois Route 53, Lisle, IL 60532, United States;Department of Environmental Horticulture, CLUE, IFAS, University of Florida—Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, 14625 County Road 672, Wimauma, FL 33598, United States;Original article"}]},{"#name":"title","$":{"id":"tit0005"},"_":"Long-term tree survival and diversity of highway tree planting projects"}],"floats":[],"footnotes":[],"attachments":[]},"openArchive":false,"openAccess":false,"document-subtype":"fla","content-family":"serial","contentType":"JL","abstract":{"$$":[{"$$":[{"$":{"id":"sect0005"},"#name":"section-title","_":"Abstract"},{"$$":[{"$":{"view":"all","id":"sp0070"},"#name":"simple-para","_":"Long-term, multi-decade research on planted tree survival in urban settings is sparse. One understudied urban environment is highway rights-of-way (ROW), lands adjacent to high-speed, unsignalized roadways. We conducted a re-inventory of tree planting cohorts in northern Illinois, U.S. on a 48 km-long highway near Chicago which were 10-, 21-, and 30-years old to evaluate long-term patterns of survival and diversity. Using each randomly selected planting site along the highway as a unit of observation and analysis, we compared the number of trees documented in record drawing to the number of trees currently alive to determine percent survival. We evaluated 224 planting sites which originally contained 2944 trees and collected data about the planting site location. For the oldest cohort, 26% of trees were still alive in 2018 (median survival by species = 16%, Q1 = 0%, Q3 = 48%), while 31% of the 21-year-old cohort (med. = 6%, Q1 = 0%, Q3 = 47%) and 86% of the 10-year-old cohort were still alive (med. = 85%, Q1 = 74%, Q3 = 96%). The survival of the 21- and 30-year-old cohort matches urban tree survival estimates by other researchers, while the 10-year-old survival is higher than expected. The only planting location characteristic that significantly affected survival was traffic islands (areas between the highway and entrance/exit ramps). Species with low drought tolerance were less likely to be alive for the 30-year-old cohort. Waterlogging tolerant species were more likely to be alive in the 10-year-old cohort. Since some species in the 21- and 30-year-old cohorts had very low survival, the tree species richness and diversity s in study areas declined between the initial record drawings and reinventory. This study demonstrates the challenges of maintaining long-term survival and diversity in the highway ROW and emphasizes the importance of species selection."}],"$":{"view":"all","id":"abs0010"},"#name":"abstract-sec"}],"$":{"view":"all","id":"ab0010","class":"author"},"#name":"abstract"}],"$":{"xmlns:ce":true,"xmlns:dm":true,"xmlns:sb":true},"#name":"abstracts"},"pdf":{"urlType":"download","url":"/science/article/pii/S1618866722001170/pdfft?md5=b7eb2bad9b876f6ea3fe19c96b2e994d&pid=1-s2.0-S1618866722001170-main.pdf"},"iss-first":"","vol-first":"73","isThirdParty":false,"issn-primary-unformatted":"16188667","issn-primary-formatted":"1618-8667"},{"pii":"S1618866722001601","journalTitle":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","publicationYear":"2022","volumeSupText":"Volume 73","articleNumber":"127617","pageRange":"127617","trace-token":"AAAAQGg-Q53MTiazxoVELOJiBAnenDPJvc5te3X4WvIF8T0IAQFh8gJDcRjhZURHwFfhLGTyH3XZCk3_uSODRB1yR2vPyWCA0Z0eKCtDdjEWGIVGxEqpmw","authors":{"content":[{"#name":"author-group","$":{"id":"ag0005"},"$$":[{"#name":"author","$":{"id":"au0005","author-id":"S1618866722001601-8eac470ea2383749f39b3ac57aa45aba"},"$$":[{"#name":"given-name","_":"Xinyang;College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China;Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department / Tropical Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA;General Education Department, Taishan College of Science and Technology, Tai’an 271000, China;Dezhou Natural Resources Bureau & Forestry Bureau, Dezhou 25300, China

摘要

Nearctic-Neotropical migratory birds are threatened by land-use change throughout their complex annual cycles. While urbanization is an essential driver of land-use change, it is unclear how it affects migrant birds. Although migratory birds are more diverse in non-urban patches of native vegetation than in urban areas, neotropical cities can host diverse assemblages of overwintering migrant birds. Migratory birds in neotropical cities tend to be closely associated with urban green areas (UGAs). However, how their presence and abundance are affected by the habitat elements of UGAs and the urban matrix of neotropical cities is poorly understood. In this study, we compared the migratory bird species richness and abundances among UGAs and the urban matrix of the southern section of the megacity of Mexico City and native vegetation sites outside the city. Our results show that UGAs in neotropical cities provide habitats capable of maintaining complex overwintering migratory bird assemblages with local trees as critical features. We also assess the role that UGAs' characteristics play in determining migrant bird assemblages. We conducted bird censuses and measured habitat traits to determine how migrant bird assemblages are related to the habitat features of our study sites. We measured local, buffer, and spatial habitat features of each UGA. We found 23 overwintering migrant species in the three habitats, with 22 present within UGAs. Both UGAs and urban matrix sites had higher estimated species richness of migrant birds than non-urban native vegetation sites located outside the city. Only local features of UGAs affected migrant birds. While tree abundance in UGAs was positively associated with migratory bird species richness, the proportion of tree coverage was positively related to bird abundance. Our results show that UGAs in neotropical cities can maintain complex overwintering migratory bird assemblages, with trees being the most critical habitat feature. As a result, UGA management focused on maintaining trees and increasing their numbers can improve habitat conditions for migratory birds overwintering in neotropical cities.