打印

作者

来源

LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING,Vol.184,P.12-22

语言

英文

关键字

URBAN LAND-USE; ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE; NATURE CONSERVATION; SPACE; CITIES; PERCEPTIONS; VEGETATION; AREAS; CITY; BIODIVERSITY

作者单位

[Kowarik, Ingo] Tech Univ Berlin, Chair Ecosyst Sci Plant Ecol, Dept Ecol, Rothenburgstr 12, D-12165 Berlin, Germany. [Kowarik, Ingo] Berlin Brandenburg Inst Adv Biodivers Res BBIB, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Kowarik, I (reprint author), Tech Univ Berlin, Chair Ecosyst Sci Plant Ecol, Dept Ecol, Rothenburgstr 12, D-12165 Berlin, Germany.; Kowarik, I (reprint author), Berlin Brandenburg Inst Adv Biodivers Res BBIB, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. E-Mail: kowarik@tu-berlin.de

标签

生态城市,城市环境,土地利用 | 德国

摘要

Urban greenways benefit urban dwellers by providing multiple ecosystem services and by supporting biodiversity conservation in cities. Increasing competition for open space in growing cities, however, often hinders the establishment of greenways in those places where social demands for related services are highest. In the wake of the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, a new greenway, the "Green Belt Berlin," is being established within the former border zone, which now links Berlin's core with the rural hinterland. An analysis of the planning approaches and principles that directed the implementation of the greenway and the transformation of vacant urban land into new parks revealed ways to (i) extend urban green infrastructure in times and places of political transformation; (ii) justify new greenspace by combining multiple ecological, social, and cultural goals within overarching planning programs; (iii) conserve and stage remnants of the Berlin Wall, allowing the greenway to become part of a decentralized memorial landscape; (iv) work with novel ecosystems and wild urban nature by integrating ecology with urban planning and design; and (v) use design interventions to create "orderly frames." Spatial analyses indicate that the new greenway may reduce environmental inequity in Berlin as it largely intersects neighborhoods where disadvantaged status coincides with poor access to urban greenspace. This case study thus demonstrates opportunities to strengthen the urban green infrastructure of growing cities through integrative planning approaches. 城市林荫道通过提供多种生态系统服务、支持城市保护生物多样性令居民受益。但对于成长中的城市而言，对开放空间的争夺往往会成为在社会对相关服务需求最为旺盛的地区建立绿色步道的障碍。柏林墙在1989年被拆除后不久，过去的东西德交界地区就建起了一道新的绿色步道，被称为“柏林绿带”，借此柏林市中心与乡村腹地实现了连通。针对这一绿色步道以及将城市空地改建为新公园的计划，本文对指导计划实施的规划方式和原则进行了分析，展示了实现下列目标的途径：（1）借政治转型的时机和地点，延伸城市的绿色基础设施建设；（2）在总计划纲要中纳入多项生态、社会和文化目标，证明新建绿色空间的合理性；（3）保存柏林墙遗迹，让绿色步道成为分散的纪念性景观的一部分；（4）将生态与城市规划和设计结合在一起，与新的生态系统和城市自然野生体系共存；（5）采用设计干预手法来创造“有序框架”。空间分析结果指出，新的绿色步道大量地穿越了那些地理位置差、同时又很难接近和进入城市绿色空间的社区，因而可降低柏林的环境不均等状态。本案例研究展示了通过综合规划方式来加强成长中城市的绿色基础设施所造就的优势。