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作者

来源

LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING,Vol.106,Issue2,P.149-157

语言

英文

关键字

Urban expansion; Horizontal expansion; Intensification; Expropriation; Urban fringe; Ethiopia; NORTHERN ETHIOPIA; ECOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; NAIROBI CITY; LONG-TERM; HIGHLANDS; GROWTH; GIS; URBANIZATION; MUNICIPALITY; DEGRADATION

作者单位

[Haregeweyn, Nigussie; Tsunekawa, Atsushi; Tsubo, Mitsuru; Meshesha, Derege Tsegaye] Tottori Univ, Arid Land Res Ctr, Tottori 6800001, Japan. [Haregeweyn, Nigussie; Fikadu, Genetu] Mekelle Univ, Dept Land Resources Management & Environm Protect, Mekelle, Ethiopia. Haregeweyn, N (reprint author), Tottori Univ, Arid Land Res Ctr, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori 6800001, Japan. E-Mail: nigussie_haregeweyn@yahoo.com; genetu1991@yahoo.com; tsunekawa@alrc.tottori-u.ac.jp; tsubo@alrc.tottori-u.ac.jp; deremesh@yahoo.com

标签

城市规划,城市地理,城市化,城市社会学,土地利用 | 其他

摘要

This study evaluated the dynamics of urban expansion and its impacts on land use/land cover change and livelihoods of small-scale farmers living near the urban fringe of Bahir Dar in northwest Ethiopia. Aerial photos for the years 1957, 1984, and 1994 as well as field mapping using GPS for the year 2009 were employed and analyzed using GIS. Heads of 271 households affected by the expansion were interviewed to evaluate the impacts of expansion and compensation modalities in practice. Results showed that the urban area expanded annually by about 12%, 14% and 5% during the periods: 1957-1984, 1984-1994 and 1994-2009, respectively. The area showed an overall annual increment of 31%, from 279 ha in 1957 to 4830 ha in 2009. Built-up areas increased as a result of horizontal expansion, from 80 ha in 1957 to 848 ha in 1994, but also due to intensification at the expense of agricultural areas, from 80 to 155 ha, during the same period. A total of 242.2 ha of farmland was expropriated from 271 households between 2004 and 2009, and 96% of those interviewed believed that the compensation was insufficient, as the decision is influenced by the government's land ownership system. We predict that the current urban area will double by 2024. This will have far-reaching ecological, socio-economic and environmental impacts. A better understanding of the dynamics of urban growth and its associated impacts in the urban fringe can help form a basis for sustainable planning of future developments of areas experiencing urban expansion. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 此项研究评估了埃塞俄比亚西北部Bahir Dar城市边缘附近的城市扩张动态及其对土地利用/占地变化和对小农户生计的影响。研究采用1957年、1984年和1994年的航空照片以及2009年GPS的实地测绘，并使用GIS进行分析。对受扩建影响的271户家庭负责人进行了访谈，以评估扩展和补偿模式在实践中的影响。结果显示，在1957 - 1984年，1984 - 1994年和1994 - 2009年期间，城市地区每年分别增长约12％，14％和5％。该地区年均增长31％，从1957年的279公顷增加到2009年的4830公顷。由于水平扩张，从1957年的80公顷增加到1994年的848公顷，归于同一时期从80至155公顷的农业面积花费的急剧增加。在2004年至2009年期间，共有271户农民被征收242.2公顷农田，96％的受访者认为补偿不足，因为这个决定受到政府土地所有权制度的影响。我们预测到2024年，现在的城市面积将翻一番。这将对生态、社会经济和环境产生深远影响。更好地理解城市增长的动态及其在城市边缘带来的相关影响可以帮助形成对经历城市扩张的地区的未来发展进行可持续规划的基础。