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中文标题

对21世纪美国移民的位置模式、分隔和住房条件的地理学评估：来自亚特兰大大都市统计区的证据

作者

来源

Ph.D.

语言

英文

关键字

主题语

Social sciences , Atlanta , Demography , Education , English proficiency , Foreign-born , Gis , Housing location , Immigrants , Income , Segregation

标签

城市规划,住房政策,城市人口,城市景观 | 美国

摘要

Currently, approximately 35 million foreign-born people (about 12% of the U.S. population) live in the U.S., and the majority of recent immigrants are from less-developed regions, a trend that is projected to continue. Given the fact that immigrants from developing countries will represent a crucial component of the future American cultures, all these implications can be profound on the future American urban landscape. It is therefore of great interest to urban and economic geographers to investigate immigrants' residential location patterns and how they vary by social mobility. Using the America Community Survey data of 2008-2012, this study investigates the diversity of immigrant populations and their housing locations in the Atlanta Metropolitan Statistical Area within 29 counties at census tract level. Specifically, the research examines whether immigrants' countries of origin, language, socioeconomic, and regional background influence the geographic distributions of foreign-born populations. This dissertation had three broad objectives: (1) to determine the geographic distributions of foreign-born populations as part of the population growth process in the Atlanta Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA); (2) to analyze the magnitude of segregation among immigrant populations in the Atlanta metropolitan area; and (3) to evaluate the demographic and housing conditions of foreign-born populations in segregated vs. non-segregated census tracts in the Atlanta Metropolitan Area. Unlike past studies, this research extended the literature by documenting a broader overview of residential locations across different groups of immigrants such as by their origin of countries, regions, continents, as well as socioeconomic conditions of origin of the countries. The approaches include calculating location quotients and an index of dissimilarity and using geographic information systems to visualize the results. Gwinnett and Fulton Counties have the highest foreign-born population. However, immigrants live in highly segregated communities in both counties. Immigrants are more segregated from native-born Whites in Gwinnett County and native-born Blacks in Fulton County. The Location Quotient (LQ) of foreign-born within native-born population analysis shows that most of the Atlanta MSA is segregated with an under represented LQ of <0.25. This level of segregation occurs in 724 counties around the entire MSA, accounting for 76.14% of all tracts. The place of birth has an influence on immigrants' home locations at the census tract level. They tend to live near people from their own country. These patterns may imply that immigrants tend to get help from each other (e.g., housing, living and carpool). The study also found that the average segregation level is higher among all education levels of immigrants, but is slightly less among immigrants with graduate and professional level educations. Those tracts with over-representation of foreign-born residents have a high percentage of those with less than a high school level education; this group is 32% of the educated foreign-born population. Overall, immigrant groups in the Atlanta Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) reflect the fact that location patterns differ from those of natives in various aspects. The index of dissimilarity values indicates that overall immigrant groups in the Atlanta metropolitan area are segregated from native-born populations at the county level, but the magnitude of segregation is low. However, foreign-born populations from developing countries, non-Western countries, Central America, and the Caribbean are highly segregated from native-born Whites. 目前，约有三千五百万出生在国外的人（约占美国人口的12％）居住在美国，而大多数新移民来自欠发达地区，这一趋势预计将持续下去。鉴于来自发展中国家的移民将成为未来美国文化的重要组成部分，所有这些影响可能对美国未来的城市景观产生深远影响。因此，城市和经济地理学家非常感兴趣的是调查移民的住宅位置模式以及他们如何因社会流动而变化。本研究利用2008 - 2012年美国社区调查数据，调查了亚特兰大大都市统计区普查区内29个县的移民人口及其住房位置的多样性。具体来说，这项研究考察了移民的原籍国、语言、社会经济和地区背景是否影响了外国出生人口的地理分布。本文有三大目标：（1）确定亚特兰大大都市统计区（MSA）中作为人口增长过程一部分的外国出生人口的地理分布；（2）分析亚特兰大大都市区移民人口的隔离程度；（3）评估亚特兰大大都会区隔离人群和非隔离人口普查区域中出生在外国人口的住房条件。与过去的研究不同，这项研究扩展了现有文献的研究范围。根据诸如国家、地区、大洲以及国家社会经济状况，更广泛地记录不同移民群体的住宅位置。这些方法包括计算位置商和不相似指数，并使用地理信息系统来显示结果。格威内特和富尔顿县拥有最高的外国出生人口。然而，两个县的移民居住在高度隔离的社区。移民与格威内特县本地出生的白人和富尔顿县本地出生的黑人更为隔离。对本地出生人口中国外出生人口的地点商数（LQ）分析显示，大多数亚特兰大大都市统计去与LQ <0.25的社区存在分割。这种隔离程度在整个大都市统计去附近发生了724次，占所有区块的76.14％。出生地对普查区一级的移民住所有影响，他们倾向于居住在本国人附近。这些模式可能意味着移民倾向于彼此获得帮助（例如住房、生活和拼车）。研究还发现，在所有移民教育水平中，平均分隔水平较高，但在具有研究生和职业教育水平的移民中平均分隔水平较低。总体而言，亚特兰大大都市统计区中的移民团体反映了移民居住位置模式与本地人口在各方面不同的事实。相异性指数表明，亚特兰大大都市地区的整体移民群体与县级本地出生人群存在隔离，但隔离程度很低。然而，来自发展中国家、非西方国家、中美洲和加勒比地区的外国出生人口与本土出生的白人高度隔离。