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作者

来源

URBAN ECOSYSTEMS,Vol.21,Issue5,P.921-932

语言

英文

关键字

Ancient woodlands; Lichens; Mediterranean; Polypores; Quercus ilex; Urban growth; WOOD-DECAYING FUNGI; RED-LISTED POLYPORES; OLD-GROWTH; SOUTHERN SWEDEN; ECOLOGICAL CONTINUITY; CULTURAL LANDSCAPE; EPIPHYTIC LICHENS; SPECIES RICHNESS; BEECH-FORESTS; URBAN

作者单位

[Vogt-Schilb, Helene; Schatz, Bertrand; Richard, Franck] Univ Paul Valery Montpellier 3, Univ Montpellier, CEFE, EPHE,IRD,CNRS,UMR 5175, 1919 Route Mende, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France. [Vogt-Schilb, Helene] Biotope, 22 Blvd Marechal Foch, F-34140 Meze, France. [Vogt-Schilb, Helene] Univ South Bohemia, Fac Sci, Branisovska 1760, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic. [Moreau, Pierre-Arthur] Univ Lille, Fac Pharm, Lab Sci Vegetales & Fong, EA IMPECS 4483, F-59000 Lille, France. [Malaval, Jean-Claude] Soc Hort & Hist Nat Herault, Parc Ballon 1,Batiment B,125 Rue Moulin Semalen, F-34000 Montpellier, France. Vogt-Schilb, H (reprint author), Univ Paul Valery Montpellier 3, Univ Montpellier, CEFE, EPHE,IRD,CNRS,UMR 5175, 1919 Route Mende, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France.; Vogt-Schilb, H (reprint author), Biotope, 22 Blvd Marechal Foch, F-34140 Meze, France.; Vogt-Schilb, H (reprint author), Univ South Bohemia, Fac Sci, Branisovska 1760, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic. E-Mail: helene.vogtschilb@gmail.com

标签

生态城市,城市景观 | 法国

摘要

In the Mediterranean, long-term land-use changes have resulted into landscape mosaics composed of very few ancient woodland remnants scattered across extended post-agricultural woodlands. Patches of ancient woodlands are now suffering rapid urban growth that reduces their area and impact their associated biodiversity. Here we use the case study of Montpellier, one of the most dynamic cities in France, to 1) characterize temporal changes in land covers (between 1860 and 2006) in its area, and 2) using two guilds of fungal bioindicators (i.e., polypores and lichens), to compare biodiversity stakes between ancient and secondary Mediterranean woodlands. We used a combination of historical maps, archives, fungal collections and field survey in eight Quercus ilex patches (4 ancient versus 4 recent replicates) to reconstruct landscapes dynamics and assess biodiversity changes. From the 19th to the 21st century, over half (52.4%) of the ancient woodlands within Montpellier were replaced by other land covers, mainly by urban equipment, while secondary patches (16.8% of the total area) were naturally established. Remaining ancient woodlands show multi-layered vegetation made of multi-secular Pinus halepensis dominating a dynamic understorey made of Quercus ilex and various Mediterranean shrubs. Polypores, but not macrolichens, tended to differ in community composition between ancient and recent woodland patches, with the highest diversity found in ancient woodlands. This study highlights that urban woodland patches of contrasted histories harbour distinct biodiversity stakes to be included in urban planning and provide valuable areas to evaluate biodiversity patterns and dynamics. 地中海地区长期的土地用途变化导致景观繁杂性，其中包含着散见于大型后农业林地内的极少量古代林地残体。眼下古代林地地块都遭受着城市快速扩张的困扰，面积减小、生物多样性受到影响。我们在本文中采用法国最有活力的城市之一蒙彼利埃的案例，旨在（1）描述该地区地表覆被随时间（1860-2006年）发生变化的特征，（2）通过两种真菌生物标记物（多孔菌和地衣）来比较古代和次生代地中海林地生物多样性特征。我们以8片刺叶栎林（4片为古代原生林、4片为复制林）为对象，综合了历史舆图和档案检索、真菌采集和现场调查结果，以此来重建景观动力学并评估生物多样性变化。从19世纪到21世纪，蒙彼利埃辖区内超过半数的（52.4%）古代林地已经被主要为城市设施的其他地表覆被所取代，而次生代林地（总面积的16.8%）则是自然建立的。剩余的古代林地显示出分为多层的地中海松植被，以及主要由刺叶栎和多种地中海灌木构成的下层林木。古代和稍近林地的群落组成之间存在着多孔菌、而非大型地衣的差异，其中古代林地的多样性最为显著。这一研究强调，不同历史时期的城市林地所具有的生物多样性特征是有显著区别，有必要将之纳入城市规划的考虑范畴，城市林地是评价生物多样性形式与动力学的有价值的区域。