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作者

来源

URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING,Vol.33,P.58-65

语言

英文

关键字

Cemeteries; Greenbelt; Heritage; Management policies; Memory sites; Urban landscape; SPACE

作者单位

[Swensen, Grete] Norwegian Inst Cultural Heritage Res, Oslo, Norway. Swensen, G (reprint author), Norwegian Inst Cultural Heritage Res, Oslo, Norway. E-Mail: grete.swensen@niku.no

标签

城市景观,城市空间 | 英国,俄罗斯,其他

摘要

Some researchers have claimed that cultural heritage can best be understood as 'the contemporary use of the past' (Graham et al., 2000). While parts of heritage may be material remains of a long forgotten past, the way these fragments are viewed, interpreted and appreciated as social and cultural assets is a product of today. The basis of this paper is a study of the role that old cemeteries play as green public spaces in contemporary cities. The layout of the cemeteries and their locations within cities influences their everyday use. By comparing three urban cemeteries, one in Oslo (Norway), one in Sheffield (United Kingdom) and one in Kaliningrad (Russia), this article will reflect on how these city's histories have influenced the form and layout of the cemeteries, as well as their potential roles as future green areas in a modern urban context. At present, one of the cemeteries is in active use, one is a secluded public garden, and the third is on the verge of obliteration. Their common denominator is the character they share as memory sites. They can be read as a complex conflation of religious and moral belief, societal power and hierarchy, landscape and architectural ideals, health legislation and management practices. Their prospects as historic assets valued in future urban development are dependent both on planning contexts and strong cooperation with those who care about their future. 一些研究者宣称，对文化遗产的最好理解就是“古为今用（格雷厄姆等人，2000年）”。遗产的一部分可能是已被长久遗忘的过去岁月的物质性遗迹，而将这些碎片理解、诠释和欣赏为社会性与文化性资产的方式，则是今天的产物。本文基于一则对于旧墓园在当代城市中作为绿地公共空间所发挥作用的研究。墓园的布局及其在城市坐落的位置影响着它们的每日用途。文章比较了三座分别位于挪威奥斯陆、英国谢菲尔德与俄罗斯加里宁格勒的城市墓园，阐述了这些城市的历史是如何影响着这些墓园的形态与布局、以及这些墓园作为未来绿地在现代化城市背景下发挥的潜在作用。目前，其中一座墓园仍在现役中，一座已退隐为公共花园，而第三座则正面临关闭结局。这三座墓园的共同特性是都是用于保存记忆的场所。这些墓园是宗教与道德信仰、社会力量和等级、景观与建筑理念、健康立法和管理实践的复杂综合体。作为历史性财产，这些墓园是否具有未来的城市开发价值，同时取决于规划的背景和与对其未来予以关注的人的紧密合作。