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中文标题

育儿家庭数量增加的影响因素

作者

来源

,Vol.198,P.490-495

语言

英文

关键字

Child-rearing; Urban facilities; City planning; Compact city; Household micro data; NEIGHBORHOOD; CHOICE

作者单位

[Andrade, Katia; Nakano, Hayato; Tamura, Toru] Hokkaido Univ, Kita Ku, Kita 13,Nishi 8, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608628, Japan. [Sugiki, Nao] Toyohashi Univ Technol, 1-1 Hibarigaoka,Tempaku Cho, Toyohashi, Aichi 4418580, Japan. Andrade, K (reprint author), Hokkaido Univ, Kita Ku, Kita 13,Nishi 8, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608628, Japan. E-Mail: kaandrade@eng.hokudai.ac.jp

标签

城市规划,基础设施 | 日本

摘要

Dealing with population decline and aging society is one the main challenges in Japan. The Japanese government aims to increase the quality of life of child-rearing households so as to ultimately increase birth rate and participation of females in the working market. Compact city policies and the Location Optimization Plan, recently proposed by the Government, are among the urban management measures adopted to support achieving this goal. Within this context, the purpose of the present research work is to investigate influencing factors on the increase of child-rearing households. Characteristics of child-rearing households in a local district of Sapporo city were explored, initially. Household micro data was estimated for the years of 1995 and 2010 by using Census data, Person Trip data as well as one available micro data simulation methodology. Analysis of the generated data showed that 25 of the total 90 Census zones presented an increase in the number of child-rearing households. Multiple Regression Analysis was then performed to explore the correlations between the increase in child-rearing households and factors related to building characteristics, land use types, and distance to urban facilities. Preliminary results suggest a negative correlation between the increase in child-rearing households and each of the building age, distance to elementary schools and commercial facilities. While it seems reasonable that newer buildings and shorter distances to schools (including nurseries) and supermarkets could help easing the daily activities of working parents, several other factors should be explored. The presented analysis can support government plans towards improving neighborhoods with a focus on child-rearing households, which in turn could help increase the birth rate and the number of two-worker households in Japan. (c) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. 应对人口下降和老龄化社会是日本面临的主要挑战之一。日本政府旨在提高养育子女的生活质量，以最终提高出生率和女性参与就业。最近由政府提出的紧凑型城市政策和区位优化计划是为支持实现这一目标而采取的城市管理措施之一。在此背景下，本研究的目的是调查影响育儿家庭数量增加的因素。本文最初探讨了札幌市当地某区域养育子女的家庭特征，通过使用人口普查数据、人员旅行数据以及一种可用的微观数据模拟方法，估算了1995年和2010年的家庭微观数据。对数据的分析显示，在90个人口普查区中，有25个区域的育儿家庭数量在增加。在此基础上进行多元回归分析，探讨育儿家庭增加与建筑特征、土地利用类型和城市设施距离等因素之间的相关性。初步结果表明，抚养子女家庭的增加与建筑年龄、家庭与小学和商业设施的距离之间存在负相关关系。虽然较新的建筑物和较近距离的学校（包括托儿所）和超市可以帮助减轻工作父母的日常活动负担似乎是合理的，但还应探索其他几个因素。本文提出的分析可以支持政府改善社区的计划，重点是养育子女的家庭，这反过来也可以帮助提高日本的出生率。