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作者

来源

CITIES,Vol.81,P.230-241

语言

英文

关键字

Urban population decline; Compact city policy; Population turnover; Residential preference; Place attachment; Residential mobility; ATTACHMENT; PLACE; TIES; BUFFALO; CITIES

作者单位

[Sakamoto, Keisuke; Iida, Akiko; Yokohari, Makoto] Univ Tokyo, Sch Engn, Tokyo, Japan. Sakamoto, K (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Bunkyo Ku, Engn Bldg 14,Room 1010,7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. E-Mail: ksk1106@gmail.com

标签

城市更新,城市人口 | 日本

摘要

Responding to the international trend of urban population decline, a sustainable urban form has been pursued around the world, with the compact city movement a typical example. However, compact city debate has often been criticized for its inclination to bio-physical environmental and economic goals and a lack of treatment of empirical social aspects like residential behavior. The present study was thus aimed at examining the gap between Japanese compact city policy and actual spatial patterns of population turnover, inheritance and migration. The case study was of residential areas of a Japanese regional city, Utsunomiya. The study used a four step procedure: a) identifying the distributions of inheritors and migrators; b) constructing a detailed database of five characteristics of the residential areas, i.e., age of development, orderliness, road width, transport access, and social cohesion; c) identifying relationships between the number of inheritors and migrators and residential characteristics using a Poisson regression model; d) comparing the compact city plan underway with established patterns of population turnover. The results show that the number of inheritors has positive relationships with age of the residential area and access to rail transport and downtown. The migrators tend to have a random distribution in comparison with inheritors. These empirical residential patterns appear irrelevant to the government's bus-oriented compact city policy, so the government should reconsider approaches to realize an acceptable sustainable urban form. 为了应对城市人口下降的国际趋势，世界各国都在追求一种可持续的城市形态，其中紧凑型城市运动就是一个典型的例子。然而，围绕紧凑型城市的辩论经常受到批评，因为它倾向于生物物理环境和经济目标，缺乏对于诸如居住行为等经验主义社会层面的处理。因此，此项研究旨在考察日本的紧凑城市政策与人口流动、传承和迁移的实际空间格局之间的差距。此项研究以日本区域城市宇都宫市的住宅区为例。研究采用了四个步骤：a)确定常住人口和外来人口的分布；b)构建住宅区五大特征的详细数据库，即：开发年限、有序性、道路宽度、交通通道、社会凝聚力；c)采用泊松回归模型来确定常住人口和外来人口的数量与居住特征之间的关系；d)将正在进行的紧凑型城市规划与已确定的人口流动模式进行比较。研究结果显示，常住人口的数量与居住区年限，以及轨道交通和城中心的通达程度成正比。与常住人口相比，外来人口更具有分布的随机性。这些经验主义的居住形态似乎与政府以公交车为导向的紧凑城市政策无关，因此，政府应该重新考虑各种方法，以实现可接受的可持续城市形态。